12.31.2011

American & African Bridal Black Makeup tips | Black Eye Lips Black Make Up looks 2012

Picking Foundation Makeup

Choosing the right foundation or foundation is sorely important for Indian black and African skin. Why use basis? If you have darker pores and skin you are more probably to have uneven skin tone and pigmentation marks. Groundwork assists to even out skin tone and cover pigmentation scars. Right here are some ideas on how to pick the greatest foundation shade for black skin.

Initial select three foundation colours that are closest to your pores and skin tone and revise  them on your jaw line. Make positive there is no other facial makeup on your pores and skin and be positive to examination in natural daylight. The shade that blends into your skin and becomes ‘invisible’ is the one particular you really should choose. Do not check groundwork shades on your hand as the skin on your hand.

may be a different shade to your face. Also guarantee that the shade matches your chest and neck region – you do not want to look like you are putting on a mask! Darkish-skinned women also are inclined to have somewhat darker or lighter pores and skin on distinct locations of their face – pick a shade that very best matches the vast majority of your face. Pick a groundwork with a yellow undertones as it is universally flatting for darkish skin.

If you are buying basis make-up on the internet look for organizations that supply foundation samples or testers so you can examination it at residence.

Do not endeavor to brighten or lighten your pores and skin by applying a lighter shade of foundation as it will make your complexion search unhealthy and unnatural. If you want to brighten your skin use a sheer loose powder with light-reflecting homes (If the powder is not translucent it ought to be one to two shades lighter than your basis). This technique subtly brightens your complexion without altering your pores and skin tone. The reverse also applies – do not use darker basis to make your self search a lot more tanned – use a matte bronzer as an alternative.

As for protection be positive to select a groundwork with higher protection than typical as black skin tends to be much more uneven and much more susceptible to pigmentation spots. A mattifying and oil-absorbing system is suggested as darker pores and skin tends to generate more sebum and is oilier. 1 type of makeup that ticks all the boxes is mineral groundwork make-up.

Really should you use a primer? It depends – if you would like to neutralise a sallow or yellowish complexion use a lavender primer underneath your basis. If you need to use concealer pick a shade that is one to two shades lighter than your basis. Use it to certain problem spots utilizing a concealer brush and utilize basis on best of it.

Selecting Eyeshadow Cheek and Lip colors

The darker your pores and skin the more intense ought to be the shades you pick for your skin. Pick heat colors and do not use colours that are also light – that delicate pale pink blusher shade may appear nice in its compact but it will just ‘sit’ like pale powder on your darker complexion. A darker shade achieves the ‘sheer wash of colour’ impact better on your pores and skin tone.

For lip colours pick colours like plum burgundy berry wines bronze and copper. Pick lip products with a matte glossy or sheer complete – steer clear of something frosted. If you use lip liner pick a shade that carefully matches your all-natural lip colour.
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When is Guru Gobind Singh's birthday prakash 2012

Prakash Utsav of Shri Guru Gobind Singh ji, Guru Gobind Singh Date of birth is December 22, 1666, Guru Gobind Singh's Birth Anniversary

The birth of Tenth Guru Gobind Singh is known to Sikhs as Guru Gobind Singhs prakash, meaning " manifestation of spiritual light" and his birthday celebration is known as gurpurab, meaning "commemorating the guru."

Birthday celebrations of Guru Gobind's Singh's prakash often involve a worship service which includes Rain sabaee kirtan, in which devotional hymns taken from Guru Granth Sahib, Sikhism holy scripture, or hymns written by Guru Gobind Singh in his collection, the Dasam Granth are sung throughout the night.

When is Guru Gobind Singh's birthday prakash 2012?
Guru Gobind Singh's birth took place on the 23rd day of the Nanakshahi month Poh, on 7 Sudi, or the 7th day of waxing moon, in the year 1723 of the Vikram Samvat calendar. The Western Julian calendar in use at the time determined his birth to be December 22, 1666.
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State Bank of India - SBI Clerk Job Notification 2012 Apply Online | SBI Jobs 2012 Clerical Vacancies Application Form and Important Dates

SBI Clerk Recruitment 2012 Notification-Apply Online for 3100 Clerical Vacancies-Application form 2012

State Bank of India (SBI) Released the Recruitment 2012 Notification for 3100 Clerk Vacancies.SBI Invite online Applications from Eligible candidates to fill the 3100 clerk jobs across India.The last date to submit application through online is 20 th, January, 2012. And Online Registration starts from 28 th,December, 2011.There are 2500 Regular vacancies for SC/ST/OBC Candidates and 600 Posts for North East circle.you can have the complete details on eligibility criteria,Education qualifications required,Age limit,Vacancies list and Online application form 2012 etc Listed below.

SBI Clerk Vacancies List:


Total Number of posts:3100 posts
Vacancies for clerk job for SC/ST/OBC: 2500 jobs
Vacancies for North East circle: 600 posts

Age Limit:

Candidates must have 18 years of Minimum age to Apply this job and as well as the max age is 28 years for General candidates.
5 years relaxation in age for SC/ST Candidates
3 Years Relaxation for OBC Candidates.
10 years for PED Cndidates.

Education Qualifications Required:

Candidate must have minimum of Intermediate(10+2) or any Degree from any Recognized University

Application Fee:

The Application fee is 350 rupees for general and OBC Candidates
50 rupees for SC/ST Candidates.

How to Apply:

Candidates have to Download Challan form from SBI official website.After paying the application fee,have to Apply through online by submitting all challan form and Personal Details.

Important Dates to Remember:

Online Registration Starts from: 28-12-2011
Last date to Apply online:20-01-2012
Written Exam date:18-03-2012
Payment of fee:30-12-2011 to 25-01-2012
Download of Call letter from:05-03-2012
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12.28.2011

AIPMT 2012 - All India Pre-Medical/Pre-Dental Entrance Examination Online Application | www.aipmt.nic.in

All India Pre-Medical/Pre-Dental Entrance Examination 2012 (AIPMT 2012) Online Application Form is available now to apply online. AIPMT Application Form 2012 is made available through www.aipmt.nic.in for AIPMT 2012 Registration.

Candidates are advised to read the detailed information about AIPMT 2012 eligibility criteria, exam pattern, syllabus, general instructions from: http://aipmt.nic.in/aipmt/Docs/AIPMTInformationBulletin2012.pdf information bulletin before applying online for AIPMT 2012.

Eligible candidates are suggested to Apply Online only for AIPMT 2012. They can make payment of application fee through http://aipmt.nic.in/aipmt/Online/makepayment.aspx by DD or Credit/Debit Cards.

AIPMT 2012 Exam Fee:

Category – Without Late Fee

General/OBC – Rs. 1000 (26th December, 2011 to 25th January, 2012)

SC/ST/PH – Rs. 550

Last date of receipt of AIPMT 2012 Application Form in CBSE is 2nd February, 2012.

Category – With First Late Fee

General/OBC – Rs. 1500 (26th January to 8th February, 2012)

SC/ST/PH – Rs. 1050

Last date of receipt of AIPMT Application Form 2012 in CBSE with first late fee is 15th February, 2012.

Category – With Second Late Fee

General/OBC – Rs. 2000 (9th to 24th February, 2012)

SC/ST/PH – Rs. 1550

Last date of receipt of AIPMT 2012 Form in CBSE with second late fee is 2nd March, 2012.

Candidates have to attach DD of fee (In favour of “Secretary, CBSE, Delhi”, payable at Delhi) mentioning Name, Application No., Contact Number and Address on the back.

AIPMT 2012 Application Form:

AIPMT 2012 Application Form is made available for AIPMT 2012 Registration. Eligible candidates should fill AIPMT 2012 Online Application Form visiting: http://aipmt.nic.in/aipmt/online/ApplicationForm.aspx and make payment of application fee.

Candidates have to fill all necessary details through AIPMT 2012 Application Form. Candidates can take a print out of Confirmation Page of AIPMT 2012 Forms from: http://aipmt.nic.in/aipmt/online/check.aspx and address slip from: http://aipmt.nic.in/aipmt/online/checkcoverslip.aspx for sending to CBSE.

Print out of AIPMT 2012 Online Application Form should be reached to “The Deputy Secretary (AIPMT Unit), CBSE, Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110 301” by registered/speed post only before last date.

AIPMT 2012 Exam Date:

Preliminary Exam Date - Final Exam Date

1st April, 2012 - 13th May, 2012

Submission of AIPMT 2012 application fee and Online Registration is open from 26th December 2011. All India Pre-Medical/Pre-Dental Entrance Examination 2012 is conducted by Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) for admission in MBBS/BDS courses.
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12.27.2011

Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission (UPSC) Job Advertisement | Application for Vacant Positions

Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission (UPSC) invites applications from the eligible candidates for the various posts as advertised vide no. 5/2011-12 Dated 24/12/2011. The candidates can apply only in ONLINE mode. No other mode is accepted for these posts. No certificates/mark sheets are required along with 'On-line application forms'.

The Detail of posts is as under :-
•Lecturer Pharmacy - 1 Post
•Lecturer Homeopathic Pharmacy - 3 Posts
•Lecturer Homeopathic Materia Medica - 7 Posts
•Lecturer Surgery - 3 Posts
•Lecturer Obstetrician and Gynecology - 3 Posts
•Lecturer Community Medicine - 4 Posts
•Lecturer Kriya Sharir - 4 Posts
•Lecturer Dravya Gun - 3 Posts
•Lecturer Rog Nidan - 3 Posts
•Lecturer Kaumarya Bhritya - 2 Posts
•Lecturer Pathology - 3 Posts
•Reader Practice of Medicine - 1 Post
•Lecturer Organon of Medicine - 6 Posts
•Lecturer Forensic Medicine - 1 Post
•Lecturer Practice of medicine - 6 Posts
•Lecturer Repertory - 4 Posts
•Reader Pathology and Biotechnology - 1 Post
•Professor Maulik Siddhant and Sanhita - 1 Post
•Reader Agad Tantra and Vidhi Ayurveda - 1 Post
•Veterinary Medical Officer - 101 Posts
•Investigator cum computer - 15 Posts
•Director (General Management) - 1 Post
•Investigator cum Computer - 1 Post
•Technical Officer / Principal Grade-II/ Vice Principal - 5 Posts
•Regional Tourist Officer / Publicity Officer - 2 Posts
•Assistant Engineer (Civil) - 25 Posts
•Joint Director (Rural Technology) - 1 Post
•Librarian - 1 Post
•Assistant Engineer (Civil) - 12 Posts
•Lecturer Duplicating Process - 1 Post
•Lecturer Binding and Packaging - 1 Post
•Lecturer Photo Ingraining and Camera Operation - 1 Post
•Lecturer Letter Press - 1 Post
•Sahayak Nagar Niyojak - 14 Posts
•Last Date to Deposit Fee in Bank :- January 20, 2012
•Last Date for Receipt of Applications :- January 24, 2012
How to apply

Here are three easy steps which will explain how to apply online :-

First step is Candidate's Registration. Fill all required information and also print a E-Challan out of the State Bank of India or Punjab National Bank.

Second Step is deposit the fee in any Bank of which you have printed the E-Challan. The Bank will provide a Transaction ID / Journal No. and Date on E-Challan submitted by you.

The Third Step
is to fill the information in the Commissioner's website after two working days of Depositing Fee. Also upload the Photo and Signature in the prescribed format and Submit the Application Form.

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12.26.2011

BITSAT 2012 Important Dates and Deadlines | How to Apply

Birla Institute of Technology & Sciences (BITS), Pilani has announced that it will conduct BITSAT 2012 Online from May 10, 2012 to June 9, 2012 for admissions to its First Degree Programmes like B.E. (Hons), M.Sc. (Tech) and others at Pilani, Goa and Hyderabad Campus. Candidates who have passed their 10+2 from any recognized Central or State Board or its equivalent with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics are eligible to apply. Besides, they should have an aggregate of 75% marks in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics with at least 60% marks in each subject.

 Only applicants who have either cleared their 10+2 in the year 2011 or will be completing the same in the year 2012 can apply. Those who are already studying in BITS at any of its campuses cannot appear for the exam. Those who rank first in their respective State or Central Board will directly be given admission to the program of their choice without considering their BITSAT 2012 scores. Application forms can be submitted by February 15, 2012 while test centres allotted to candidates will be announced on February 25, 2012. Applicants can reserve dates to appear for the test from Feb. 29 – March 20, 2012 and Hall tickets with instructions are available for download from April 14 – April 30, 2012.

Important dates and deadlines:

Deadline to apply for BITSAT-2012 : 15th February 2012
Test center allotment and announcement to candidates : 25th February 2012
Candidates to reserve Test dates : 29th Feb. – 20th March 2012
Candidates to download the Hall tickets with instructions: 14th April – 30th April 2012
BITSAT Online tests : 10th May – 9th June 2012
Candidates to apply for admission with 12th marks and Preferences to Degree programmes : 19th May – 30th June 2012
Admit List and Wait List announcement : 1st July 2012

BITSAT-2012 Test Format:

BITSAT-2012 will be of total 3-hour duration (without break). The test consists of four parts:

Part I : Physics
Part II : Chemistry
Part III : (a) English Proficiency and (b) Logical Reasoning
Part IV : Mathematics

All questions are of objective type (multiple choice questions); each question with choice of four answers, only one being correct choice. Each correct answer fetches 3 marks, while each incorrect answer has a penalty of 1 mark (-1mark). No marks are awarded for questions not attempted. While the candidate can skip a question, the computer will not allow the candidate to choose more than one option as correct answer. There will be 150 questions in all.

Integrated First Degree Programmes to which admissions will be made on the basis of BITSAT-2012:

(i) BITS, Pilani – Pilani Campus

(ii)  BITS, Pilani – Goa Campus

(iii)BITS, Pilani – Hyderabad Campus
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Serious about quitting Smoking this New Year 2012 | Leave Smoking New Year Resolution 2012

How to quit

Smokers often say, “Don’t tell me why to quit, tell me how.” There is no one right way to quit, but there are some requirements for quitting with success. These 4 factors are key:

• Making the decision to quit
• Picking a Quit Day and making a plan
• Dealing with withdrawal
• Staying quit (maintenance)


Making the decision to quit

The decision to quit smoking is one that only you can make. Others may want you to quit, but the real commitment must come from you.

Think about why you want to quit.
• Are you worried that you could get a smoking-related disease?
• Do you really believe that the benefits of quitting outweigh the benefits of continuing to smoke?
• Do you know someone who has had health problems because of their smoking?
• Are you ready to make a serious try at quitting?

If you are thinking about quitting, setting a date and deciding on a plan will help move you to the next step.

Setting a quit date and making a plan

What’s important about picking a Quit Day?

Once you’ve decided to quit, you’re ready to pick a quit date. This is a very important step. Pick a day within the next month as your Quit Day. Picking a date too far away can allow you time to rationalize and change your mind. But you want to give yourself enough time to prepare and come up with a plan. You might choose a date with a special meaning like a birthday or anniversary, or the date of the Great American Smokeout (the third Thursday in November each year). Or you might want to just pick a random date. Circle the date on your calendar. Make a strong, personal commitment to quit on that day.

Plan for your prescriptions: Remember that if you are planning to use a prescription drug, you will need to talk with your doctor about getting it in time for your Quit Day. If you plan to use bupropion (Zyban) or varenicline (Chantix), you must start taking the drug at least a full week before your Quit Day. Talk with your doctor about exactly when to start, and how to use the medicine, and find out what side effects to watch for and report. If you are using a prescription drug, put a note on your calendar to remind you to start taking it the right number of days before your Quit Day.

Prepare for your Quit Day

There is no one right way to quit. Most smokers prefer to quit cold turkey — they stop completely, all at once, with no medicines or nicotine replacement. They smoke until their Quit Day and then quit. Some may smoke fewer cigarettes for 1 or 2 weeks before their Quit Day. Another way is to cut down on the number of cigarettes you smoke a little bit each day. This way, you slowly reduce the amount of nicotine in your body. You might cut out cigarettes smoked with a cup of coffee, or you might decide to smoke only at certain times of the day. It makes sense to cut down in order to reduce withdrawal symptoms, but this can be hard to do.

Quitting smoking is a lot like losing weight: it takes a strong commitment over a long time. Smokers may wish there was a magic bullet — a pill or method that would make quitting painless and easy— but there is nothing like that. Nicotine substitutes can help reduce withdrawal symptoms, but they work best when they are used as part of a stop-smoking plan that addresses both the physical and psychological components of quitting smoking.

Here are some steps to help you prepare for your Quit Day:
• Pick the date and mark it on your calendar.
• Tell friends and family about your Quit Day.
• Get rid of all the cigarettes and ashtrays in your home, car, and at work.
• Stock up on oral substitutes — sugarless gum, carrot sticks, hard candy, cinnamon sticks, coffee stirrers, straws, and/or toothpicks.
• Decide on a plan. Will you use NRT or other medicines? Will you attend a stop-smoking class? If so, sign up now.
• Practice saying, “No thank you, I don’t smoke.”
• Set up a support system. This could be a group program or a friend or family member who has successfully quit and is willing to help you. Ask family and friends who still smoke not to smoke around you, and not to leave cigarettes out where you can see them.
• If you are using bupropion or varenicline, take your dose each day of the week leading up to your Quit Day.
• Think back to your past attempts to quit. Try to figure out what worked and what did not work for you.

Successful quitting is a matter of planning and commitment, not luck. Decide now on your own plan. Some options include using nicotine replacement or other medicines, joining a stop-smoking class, going to Nicotine Anonymous meetings, using self-help materials such as books and pamphlets, or some combination of these methods. For the best chance at success, your plan should include 2 or more of these options.

Your Quit Day

On your Quit Day:
• Do not smoke. This means none at all — not even one puff!
• Keep active — try walking, exercising, or doing other activities or hobbies.
• Drink lots of water and juices.
• Begin using nicotine replacement if that is your choice.
• Attend stop-smoking class or follow your self-help plan.
• Avoid situations where the urge to smoke is strong.
• Avoid people who are smoking.
• Drink less alcohol or avoid it completely.
• Think about how you can change your routine. Use a different route to go to work, drink tea instead of coffee. Eat breakfast in a different place or eat different foods.

Read on to find out more about the kinds of thoughts and temptations that come up when you try to quit, and ideas for ways to deal with or avoid them.

Dealing with withdrawal

Withdrawal from nicotine has 2 parts — the physical and the mental. The physical symptoms are annoying but not life-threatening. Still, if you’re not prepared for them, they can tempt you to go back to smoking. Nicotine replacement and other medicines can help reduce many of these symptoms. Most smokers find that the bigger challenge is the mental part of quitting.

If you have been smoking for any length of time, smoking has become linked with a lot of the things you do — waking up in the morning, eating, reading, watching TV, and drinking coffee, for example. It will take time to “un-link” smoking from these activities. This is why, even if you are using a nicotine replacement, you may still have strong urges to smoke.

Rationalizations are sneaky

One way to overcome these urges or cravings is to notice and identify rationalizations as they come up. A rationalization is a mistaken thought that seems to make sense to you at the time, but the thought is not based on reality. If you choose to believe in such a thought even for a short time, it can serve as a way to justify smoking. If you have tried to quit before, you will probably recognize many of these common rationalizations:
• “I’ll just have one to get through this rough spot.”
• “Today is not a good day. I’ll quit tomorrow.”
• “It’s my only vice.”
• “How bad is smoking, really? Uncle Harry smoked all his life and he lived to be over 90.”
• “Air pollution is probably just as bad.”
• “You’ve got to die of something.”
• “Life is no fun without smoking.”

You probably can add more to the list. As you go through the first few days without smoking, write down any rationalizations as they come up and recognize them for what they are: messages that can trick you into going back to smoking. Look out for them, because they always show up when you’re trying to quit. After you write down the idea, let it go from your mind. Be ready with a distraction, a plan of action, and other ways to re-direct your thoughts to something else.

Use the ideas below to help you stay committed to quitting.

Avoid temptation

Stay away from people and places that tempt you to smoke. Later on you will be able to handle these with more confidence.

Change your habits

Switch to juices or water instead of alcohol or coffee. Choose foods that don’t make you want to smoke. Take a different route to work. Take a brisk walk instead of a coffee break.

Choose other things for your mouth: Use substitutes you can put in your mouth such as sugarless gum or hard candy, raw vegetables such as carrot sticks, or sunflower seeds. Some people chew on a coffee stirrer or a straw.

Get active with your hands: Do something to reduce your stress. Exercise or do something that keeps your hands busy, such as needlework or woodworking, which can help distract you from the urge to smoke. Take a hot bath, exercise, or read a book.

Breathe deeply: When you were smoking, you breathed deeply as you inhaled the smoke. When the urge strikes now, breathe deeply and picture your lungs filling with fresh, clean air. Remind yourself of your reasons for quitting and the benefits you’ll gain as an ex-smoker.

Delay: If you feel that you are about to light up, hold off. Tell yourself you must wait at least 10 minutes. Often this simple trick will allow you to move beyond the strong urge to smoke.

Reward yourself

What you’re doing is not easy, so you deserve a reward. Put the money you would have spent on tobacco in a jar every day and then buy yourself a weekly treat. Buy a book or some new music, go out to eat, start a new hobby, or join a gym. Or save the money for a major purchase.

You can also reward yourself in ways that don’t cost money: visit a park or go to the library. Check local news listings for museums, community centers, and colleges that have free classes, exhibits, films, and other things to do.

Staying quit

Remember the Mark Twain quote? Maybe you, too, have quit many times before. If so, you know that staying quit is the final, longest, and most important stage of the process. You can use the same methods to stay quit as you did to help you through withdrawal. Think ahead to those times when you may be tempted to smoke, and plan on how you will use other ways to cope with these situations.

More dangerous, perhaps, are the unexpected strong desires to smoke that can sometimes happen months or even years after you’ve quit. Rationalizations can show up then, too. To get through these without relapse, try these:
• Remember your reasons for quitting and think of all the benefits to your health, your finances, and your family.
• Remind yourself that there is no such thing as just one cigarette — or even one puff.
• Ride out the desire to smoke. It will go away, but do not fool yourself into thinking you can have just one.
• Avoid alcohol. Drinking lowers your chance of success.
• If you are worried about weight gain, put some energy into planning a healthy diet and finding ways to exercise and stay active.

Recovering from slips

What if you do smoke? Here is the difference between a slip and a relapse: a slip is a one-time mistake that is quickly corrected. A relapse is going back to smoking. You can use the slip as an excuse to go back to smoking, or you can look at what went wrong and renew your commitment to staying away from smoking for good.

Even if you do relapse, try not to get too discouraged. Very few people are able to quit for good on the first try. In fact, it takes most people several tries before they quit for good. What’s important is figuring out what helped you when you tried to quit and what worked against you. You can then use this information to make a stronger attempt at quitting the next time.
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National Mathematical Year 2012 - Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh Declared in Mathematical Guru Ramanujan's 125th Birthday Celebration

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh declares year 2012 as “National Mathematical Year” to mark 125th birth anniversary of mathematical genius S Ramanujan.
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12.22.2011

Pongal 2012 - Ways to Celebrate Pongal Festival | Pongal Dates in 2012 | When is Pongal in 2012? |

On the first day of the Pongal festival - dedicated to the worship of the rain God Indra -- people rise early, get dress, and offer flowers to the Lord Vinayaka made from cow dung or turmeric and lit traditional lamps.

The second day of the festival is devoted to Surya, the Sun God. The Pongal dish which is essentially a rice cooked in milk is offered to Lord Ganesh and then to cows and then it is distributed as prasad.

The third day is marked by the worship of the Goddess Parvati and her son, the elephant-headed Lord Ganesh. This is also the day when cattle- an indispensable part of life in all villages- are bathed and decorated, then paraded through the villages.

The procession is followed by cattle races, and in some instances, bullfights which are locally known as 'jallikattu'- bags full of money are tied to the horns of bulls, and young men endeavour to wrestle with the bulls to get the bags off (and keep the change for themselves, of course!)

The fourth and the final day of the Pongal festival which is traditionally known as Kannum Pongal is the day when the families relax, visit each other and have lunch with friends and family.
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12.19.2011

Nikon DSLR 7000 Specification and Price in India - New Discounts and Offers

Compare and research Best Price for Nikon DSLR D7000 from camera dealers in your location. Price may vary in Agartala, Bangalore, Chandigarh, Chennai, Dehradun, Delhi, Gangtok, Imphal, Kanpur, Kolkata, Ludhiana, Mumbai, Nashik, Pondicherry, Ranchi, Srinagar & Vapi (Other Cities Also).

Nikon DSLR D7000 comes with Single-Lens DSLR Camera and 16.2 Megapixels Effective Camera. Nikon DSLR D7000 Specifications include Single/ Continuous Frame Shooting, Nikon CMOS Image Sensor, BriteView Clear-Matte Display, 3” Low Temperature Poly-Silicon LCD Display, Pentaprism Viewfinder and Vertical-Travel Focal Plane Shutter. Let’s look at the specifications list.

Nikon DSLR D7000 Specifications:
 * EXPEED 2 Image Processor
 * 16.2 Megapixels Effective Camera
 * Nikon CMOS Image Sensor
 * ISO 100 to 6400 Sensitivity
 * SD Memory Card Compliant
 * Single and Continuous Frame Shooting
 * 3” Low-Temperature Poly-silicon TFT LCD Display
 * 170-Degree Viewing Angle
 * Pentaprism Viewfinder with 100% Coverage
 * BriteView Clear-Matte Mark II Display
 * 3D-Color Matrix, Spot/ Center-Weighted Metering
 * Vertical-Travel Focal Plane Shutter
 * Flash Synchronization
 * Red-Eye Reduction and Slow-Sync
 * USB, HDMI and Video Output
 * Rechargeable EN EL-15 Li-ion Battery
 * Dimension: 132 x 105 x 77mm
 * Weight: 690 g
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12.17.2011

Podi Paiyyan Polave, manam indru thulludhe Song Lyrics from Rajapattai

Song: Podi paiyan polave
Singer: Haricharan
Music : Yuvan
Movie: Rajapattai

Podi Paiyyan Polave, manam indru thulludhe
athu unnai thaedi haedi thaedi thaedi vanthadhe
Alavillaa Kaadhalai, tharasolli kenjudhe
thinam unnai kaanavae solludhe, saetaigal seiyudhe

Engae naan ponaalum pogaamalae
Kaadhal pinnalae varugindradhe
Solpechai Kaetkaamal eppothumae thollai
thannalae tharugindradhe ....... (Podi Paiyyan Polave....)

Nadai vandi pinnae odum oru thaaiyaai kaadhal
Ennakulae odakandaen, silanaalaai
Ennai uppu mootai thookkum muthal aalaai kaadhal
suandhengum poga kandaen pagal raavaai
Arivillai en moolaiyil, athu unmaiye, athu unmaiye
Angae eppodhume an anbe needhasne

Engae naan ponaalum pogaamalae
Kaadhal pinnalae varugindradhe . oh oooh
Solpechai Kaetkaamal eppothumae thollai
thannalae tharugindradhe .......

Urangaamal paadal kaeten,
ezhumbodhe thaeneer kaeten, Inimele Ketpen Unnaiye..

Nadandhe nee pogumbothu
Nadaipaadhai pookkal yaavum, Unnai paarthu vaikkum kannaiyae..

Mazhai vandhaal nirkaamale, Oduvaen bayanthoduven
Ulle nee enbadhaal naan nanaiyak koodaadhe

Engae naan ponaalum pogaamalae
Kaadhal pinnalae varugindradhe . oh oooh
Solpechai Kaetkaamal eppothumae thollai
thannalae tharugindradhe .......
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12.16.2011

AAKASH Tablet where to buy | How to Buy Aakash Tablet in Kolkata online | Aakash Tablet in Chennai and Coimbatore Trichy Thanjavur Madurai Salem

Aakash Tablet is now officially available and you can pre-order your own. This tablet PC is being imported from Datawind at 2250 INR and was introduced by Indian Government on October 5, 2011. For pre ordering of the tablet you have to fill your details on the form given on Aakash tablet home page.

Features of Aakash tablet:
 ■ Unbeatable Price:
 ■ Only Rs.2,999 for the UbiSlate
 ■ Monthly internet charges: Rs.98 / 2GB
 ■ High Quality Web Anytime & Anywhere:
 ■ Connect via GPRS or WiFi
 ■ GPRS: Embedded modem eliminates the need for external dongles and allows Internet access everywhere
 ■ WiFi: Allows fast Youtube videos at hotspots
 ■ Fast web access even on GPRS networks, across the country using DataWind’s patented acceleration technology
 ■ Web, Email, Facebook, Twitter and much much more!
 ■ Multimedia Powerhouse:
 ■ HD Quality Video
 ■ Watching movies in the palm of your hand on a 7” screen
 ■ Audio library software helps manage your full collection of songs
 ■ Applications Gallery with Android 2.2:
 ■ Games
 ■ Productivity software: Office suite
 ■ Educational software
 ■ Over 150,000 apps!
 ■ Full sized-USB port & Micro-SD slot:
 ■ Expand memory to 32GB
 ■ Use any ordinary pen-drive
 ■ Even plug-in a 3G dongle
 ■ And It’s a Phone!

Accessories so available with the tablet are:
 ■Car charger
 ■External antenna
 ■Keyboard case
 ■Convert it into a laptop!

So what are you waiting for visit Aakash tablet home page or fill this form to pre-order yours.
read more...

12.15.2011

Projection of GOLD Trend in 2012 | Expectation and Predictions of GOLD and SILVER prices in 2012

Recently, quotes an ounce of gold on world markets are zigzagging and downhill.Periodically, the price stops at some level, but seen a decrease.
 Specific measures in this regard are as follows: in a short period of time from July to August there was a sharp rise in the price of 400 dollars, then just 10 days the price has lost $ 200, although in general this year rose 34 percent. Now there has been reversed. On the London Stock Exchange before the closing of precious metals on the past weekend the last price was fixed at 1,762 dollars. On the New York Stock Exchange – 1,789 dollars. Recall that the highest historical figure price per troy ounce (31.1 grams) was recorded in August 2011 – 1,897 dollars.During the period of financial instability in Europe, such a phenomenon in the gold market raises questions, because gold has traditionally been considered a reliable niche for the preservation of capital in such circumstances. The head of French investment agency Federal Finance Sylvain Serpandur provides an explanation for this phenomenon.

He estimated that gold as a “speculative commodity” to reach this year’s highest quotation on world markets, has caused its owners tempted to sell it to make money on the rising prices. On the other hand, since the financial crisis in Europe, many investors have suffered losses as a result of bank failures and because of falling stock prices, bonds, other securities. Therefore, to offset the losses, they began to sell some of its gold reserves.

As a result, the market formed a tide of gold to sell, there is a proposal begins to exceed demand. According to the French expert, year-end price of gold could fall to $ 1,500, as was the case in May last year, after which at the same time and began the ascent.

In the banking sector of Luxembourg, where the concentration of 145 financial institutions, believe that lowering the price of gold is due to other circumstances and the market. First, a stable dollar. Typically, gold begins to rise in price when the dollar falls. Now this does not happen, and reeling in the main than the dollar and the euro. Second, interest in gold is manifested most in the growth of inflation in order to conserve capital. Currently, inflation in the euro area accounts for only 2 per cent and the increase is not predicted. Therefore, according to the Luxembourg banking sector, the price of precious metals could well take the opposite direction and mark the rise
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12.14.2011

Apply IIST 2012 Post Doctoral Fellowship Programme | Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology

Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Asia’s first Space University was established under the Department of Space in September 2007. IIST envisions the integration of Space Technology and Space Science educational programs with basic and applied research for meeting the national R&D requirements of science and technology in general and of the Indian Space Programme in particular. The institute provides a vibrant research atmosphere and offers doctoral and postdoctoral programmes.

Applications are invited from highly motivated candidates for admission to the Post Doctoral Fellowship (PDF) Programme starting in February 2012 in the areas of Avionics, Physics, Chemistry and Earth and Space Sciences.

Eligibility : Minimum Qualifications: Ph.D in the relevant area and first class or equivalent at the Masters level.

Age Limit : Applicant should be below 32 years as on 15th January 2012. Age relaxation applicable as per Govt. Rules. Ph.D Degree award date should be after 15th January 2007.

Nationality : Applicant should be an Indian citizen.

To Apply :
1.Application form can be downloaded from IIST website www.iist.ac.in
2.Duly filled application form along with attested copies of documents mentioned in the application form should be sent to The Administrative Officer, IIST, Valiamala Post, Thiruvananthapuram – 695547 with the superscription “Application for IIST PDF Programme”.
3.Last date for receipt of application form: 15th January 2012.

For more information visit : http://www.iist.ac.in/
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12.12.2011

Federal Bank Recruitment Jobs 2011 | Federal Bank of India Jobs Apply Online Download

Federal Bank Recruitment 2011

1. Assistant Manager, Payscale: Rs.14500–25700, Age: max 28 years
2. Manager, Payscale: Rs.19400-28100, Age: max 30 years
3. Senior Manager, Payscale: Rs.25700-31500, Age: max 30 years
Educational Qualifications:
Graduation in any discipline with minimum 60% marks from any recognized University or other institutions established by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemed as a University under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956.

How to Apply:
Eligible candidates are advised to apply online between 11.00 AM on 07/12/2011 and 5.00 PM on 26/12/2011 only through the Bank’s website www.federalbank.co.in.
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12.11.2011

Weightloss Mistakes we do on Regular basis | Overcome Weightloss Problems

Mistake #1 - Getting information overload. This is a very common problem, but the underlying reason for it is certainly not a bad one. The underlying reason people get information overload when it comes to diet and exercise is because they truly want to make a difference with their life, health, and body. That's a beautiful thing. But, constantly searching around for the next best tip, strategy, diet method, etc. is only going to cause you to get extremely confused about what's going to work for you to get in better shape.

What To Do Instead - What I recommend you do is go natural. That's it. Anything based around natural dieting and exercising is what is guaranteed to work. If you focus your attention on those things, you won't have to keep looking all over for strategies, diets, tips, etc. on what to do. The natural way is not only the best way, it's the only way to get an amazing body... permanently. Natural dieting is based on eating all types of nutrients, only SLIGHTLY reducing your calorie intake, never depriving yourself, and eating foods in a way to boost your metabolism (such as eating more often with smaller meal portions).

Mistake #2 - Not having a plan before getting started with losing weight.
What To Do Instead - Before you start a weight loss journey, you must have a plan in place in order to help yourself stay motivated. This includes knowing WHY you want to get in shape, what diet you want to go on, what type of exercise regimen you want to go on (and will be right for YOU), etc.

Mistake #3 - Changing the word "supplement" to "instead of". This is a very common problem and can end up causing medical issues. Taking healthy supplements is okay, but the problem comes in when you don't take them as something ADDITIONAL and instead you take them as something INSTEAD OF. In other words, instead of eating foods with healthy fat in them (such as fish and nuts), you ONLY take fish oil supplements, etc.
What To Do Instead - Unless there is a reason why you can not eat certain foods with important nutrients in them, I strongly recommend that you focus more on getting nutrients from foods... and only using supplements to do what their name implies... SUPPLEMENT.

Bonus Tip #1 - To skyrocket your motivation level, instead of taking photos of yourself as you lose weight to see the progression, do a video diary of your weight loss progression instead. Visually and mentally, videos will be much more powerful in making you motivated!

Bonus Tip #2 - To increase your ability to burn pounds of fat off extremely fast, I highly recommend you go on a diet that will keep your metabolism extremely active throughout the whole day. A diet like this is for one based on getting proper nutrition, and two, it's based on simply changing the pattern of how you eat to "trick" your body. That in combination with eating more often and eating the right foods will SKYROCKET your metabolism and cause pounds of fat to melt away faster than ever. This is what worked for me... and I'm sure it will work for you too!
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12.06.2011

Preparing CMAT Test Pattern | Important AICTE CMAT 2012 Dates Online Form | Eligibility Criteria for CMAT 2012 Exam Aptech Test Centres |

What is CMAT?
Common Management Admission Test (CMAT) is the entrance exam being introduced by AICTE for admissions to all AICTE approved institutes offering PGDM (PG Diploma in Management) courses. These institutes (which now numbers 391) so long has been using many different type of entrance exams such as XAT, ATMA, CAT, MAT etc. for their admissions.

AICTE is taking this initiative to help students reduce their time, effort & money in seeking admission in management colleges by reducing the number of management entrance exams that the student at present has to appear.

Although for the year 2012, the Supreme Court vide its order dated July 26, 2011 has allowed private B-schools to continue with its past year's practices of using other entrance exams, in not too distant future CMAT is likely to be the De-facto MBA entrance exam in India.

CMAT 2012 Test pattern/format:
CMAT is going to be a CBT (Computer Based Test), just like CAT these days. You will have to appear in this exam in a pre-assigned computer in the test venue. There are four test sections - Logical Reasoning, Verbal Ability / Language Comprehension, Numerical Ability + Data Interpretation & General Awareness. Each section has 25 questions thus totaling 100, which has to be answered in 3 hours.

There is negative marking in CMAT. More about the CMAT test pattern in my next blog article titled: CMAT Exam Pattern, Sample Papers & Books.

CMAT 2012 Important dates:
CMAT 2012 Registration Start date: Date : 09-Dec-2011
CMAT 2012 Registration End date: Date : 09-Jan-2012
(The last date to pay CASH in bank is 10th Jan 2012 and from there onwards to complete registration is 12th Jan 2012)

Admit Card download date: Date : 30-Jan-2012
CMAT 2012 Exam Window: Date 20-Feb-2012 to 28-Feb-2012
CMAT 2012 Result declaration: Date : 11-Mar-2012
Print out of Score Cards: From 11-Mar-2012 to 11-Apr-2012

Eligibility for CMAT 2012:
You just need to be a Graduate in any discipline (even Final year Graduate students can apply for CMAT.
There is no age restriction.

CMAT 2012 Test centres:
CMAT 2012 would be conducted in following 61 city/town all over India:
Agartala, Agra, Ahmadabad, Allahabad, Ambala, Amritsar, Aurangabad, Bhuwaneshwar, Bangalore, Bareilly, Bhopal, Chandigarh, Chennai, Coimbatore, Cuttack, Dehradun, Delhi, Dhanbad, Dharwad, Durgapur, Ghaziabad, Gulbarga, Gurgaon, Guwahati, Gwalior, Hardwar, Hisar, Hosur, Hyderabad, Indore, Jabalpur, Jamshedpur, Jaipur, Jammu, Jodhpur, Kanpur, Kochi, Kolhapur, Kolkata, Kota, Kozhikode, Lucknow, Ludhiana, Madurai, Mumbai, Mysore, Nagpur, Noida, Panaji, Patna, Pondicherry, Pune, Rajkot, Raipur, Ranchi, Shimla, Siliguri, Surat, Trichurapalli, Trivandrum, Vizag

CMAT 2012 Test Fee:
Rs. 1200/= for General/OBC and Rs. 600/= for SC/ST/PD.
This fee can be paid either online using credit/debit card or offline by paying the amount in cash at SBI branches.

If you want to pay it offline, at first you have to complete the Step-1 & 2 of the online CMAT 2012 registration and than take print out of the fee payment challan which is generated automatically with your data. On the next day, you than have to visit the nearest SBI branch with this challan to pay the test fee. After payment of this fee, you will have to complete the Step-3 &4 of the CMAT registration.

CMAT 2012 Online Form:
As said before, there is no offline form for CMAT 2012. You only have to apply online.
How to apply online for CMAT 2012 is given very clearly in this webpage.
If you have gone through the same carefully, click here to find the CMAT 2012 Online Form (to be available only in between 9th Dec 2011 to 9th January, 2012).

CMAT 2012 Admit Card:
Admit card for CMAT 2012 would not be sent to you by post but you have to download it from CMAT website from 30th January, 2012 onward. The official website for CMAT is: www.aicte-cmat.in. Keep visiting it for regular updates.
read more...

AICTE CMAT 2012 - Common Management Admission Test February | Bank Jobs

Education and skill training major Aptech has been roped in by the ministry of human resource development (MHRD) to conduct the first Common Management Admissions Test (CMAT) in 2012. Aptech was selected from 10 bidders including Tata Consultancy Services and Prometric, the US-based testing agency that has been conducting the Common Admission Test (CAT) for the last three years.

The All-India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) had fixed a minimum revenue requirement of Rs 100 crore for companies willing to bid for the project. It plans to enter into an initial contract for 3-5 years, but would retain overall control over test generation and delivery mechanism.

"Aptech was selected after the technical and financial bids of all the bidders were evaluated and before the project is rolled out, we will run pilot tests in 10 states and the testing would happen twice a day.
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11.23.2011

WWW.CTET.NIC.IN | Central Teacher Eligibility Test - CTET Announcement 2012

1. Please read the instructions and procedures carefully before you start filling the Online Application  Form.

2. Application Procedure: The online submission of particulars may be made at website www.ctet.nic.in. The candidates should supply all the required details while filling up the online form. On submission of details, a Confirmation page with Registration No. shall be generated. Candidates are required to take printout of Confirmation page and paste photograph, sign in the space earmarked for the purpose. The confirmation Page is to be sent by Registered/Speed Post to CBSE (NOT BY COURIER) to “ The Assistant Secretary (CTET Unit), Central Board of Secondary Education, ‘Shiksha Sadan’, 17, Rouse Avenue, New Delhi – 110002” along with original Demand Draft (if fee paid by Demand Draft) for further processing so as to reach latest by 30.11.2011 . Application received beyond this date will not be accepted. Payment can be made as follows by Credit/Debit Card or Demand Draft in favour of the Secretary, Central Board of Secondary Education, Delhi drawn in any Nationalized Bank payable at Delhi. Write your Name, Address, Mobile No. and Registration No. on the back of the demand draft.

3. Examination Fees
Fee Amount in Rs.

General / OBC Category Rs. 500 /- (Five hundered)
 
SC / ST / Differently Abled Category  Rs. 250 /- (Two hundered Fifty)

4.Application can be submitted Online during 01.11.2011 to 25.11 .2011.
 
5.Payment of Fee could be made by Demand Draft or Credit/Debit Card.

Steps to be followed if fee paid through Demand Draft

If you want to remit the fee by Demand Draft, get ready before filling application form.
Demand Draft in favour of the Secretary, Central Board of Secondary Education, Delhi drawn in any Nationalized Bank payable at Delhi. Write your Name, Address, Mobile No. and Registration No. on the back of the demand draft.
 
Logon to the CTET website, fill the application form, note down the registration number which would be generated by system that is required for making the payment of fee.
Fill the details of Demand Draft.
 
Take a printout of Confirmation Page and complete as per the instruction given above.

Steps to be followed if fee paid through Credit/Debit Card
 
Keep the details of Credit/Debit Card (VISA/MasterCard) ready.

Logon to the CTET website, fill the application form, note down the registration number which would be generated by system that is required for making the payment of fee.
 
Make the payment through Credit Card and note down the payment receipt number, after successful payment of fee.
 
Take a printout of Confirmation Page and complete as per the instruction given above.

Note : Bank will charge 2% service/processing charges and service tax as applicable on transaction made by Credit card.
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4.09.2011

Anna University Chennai - Semester Eight Curriculam With Solutions


Anna university chennai : : chennai – 600 025
affiliated institutions
b.tech. (8 semester) information technology
curriculum – r 2008
semester vi
(applicable to the students admitted from the academic year 2008–2009 onwards)
code no. Course title l t p c
theory
it2351 network programming and management 3 0 0 3
cs2353 object oriented analysis and design 3 0 0 3
it2352 cryptography and network security 3 1 0 4
it2353 web technology 3 0 0 3
it2354 embedded systems 3 0 0 3
elective i 3 0 0 3
practical
it2357 web technology lab 0 0 3 2
cs2357 object oriented analysis and design lab 0 0 3 2
cs2307 network lab 0 0 3 2
total 18 1 9 25
semester vii
(applicable to the students admitted from the academic year 2008–2009 onwards)
code no. Course title l t p c
theory
it2401 service oriented architecture 3 0 0 3
it2402 mobile communication 3 0 0 3
cs2401 computer graphics 3 0 0 3
it2403 software project management 3 0 0 3
elective ii 3 0 0 3
elective iii 3 0 0 3
practical
it2406 service oriented architecture lab 0 0 3 2
cs2405 computer graphics lab 0 0 3 2
total 18 0 6 22
2
semester viii
(applicable to the students admitted from the academic year 2008–2009 onwards)
code no. Course title l t p c
theory
elective iv 3 0 0 3
elective v 3 0 0 3
practical
it2451 project work 0 0 12 6
total 6 0 12 12
list of electives
semester vi – elective i
code no. Course title l t p c
ma2264 numerical methods 3 1 0 4
ma2265 discrete mathematics 3 1 0 4
it2021 business process model 3 0 0 3
it2022 software requirement engineering 3 0 0 3
it2023 digital image processing 3 0 0 3
it2024 user interface design 3 0 0 3
cs2022 visual programming 3 0 0 3
cs2032 data warehousing and data mining 3 0 0 3
semester vii – elective ii
code no. Course title l t p c
cs2303 theory of computation 3 1 0 4
cs2029 advanced database technology 3 0 0 3
it2031 electronic commerce 3 0 0 3
it2032 software testing 3 0 0 3
it2033 bio informatics 3 0 0 3
it2034 adhoc sensor network 3 0 0 3
3
semester vii – elective iii
code no. Course title l t p c
cs2351 artificial intelligence 3 0 0 3
it2041 enterprise resource planning 3 0 0 3
it2042 information security 3 0 0 3
it2043 knowledge management 3 0 0 3
cs2063 grid computing 3 0 0 3
cs2041 c# and .net framework 3 0 0 3
semester viii – elective iv
code no. Course title l t p c
it2050 principles of compiler design 3 0 0 3
it2051 knowledge engineering 3 0 0 3
ge2021 professional ethics in engineering 3 0 0 3
ge2071 intellectual property rights 3 0 0 3
it2052 management information system 3 0 0 3
it2053 software design 3 0 0 3
cs2053 soft computing 3 0 0 3
semester viii – elective v
code no. Course title l t p c
ge2022 total quality management 3 0 0 3
ge2072 indian constitution and society 3 0 0 3
it2061 system modeling and simulation 3 0 0 3
cs2035 natural language processing 3 0 0 3
cs2056 distributed systems 3 0 0 3
ge2023 fundamentals of nanoscience 3 0 0 3
it2064 speech signal processing 3 0 0 3
4
it2351 network programming and management lt p c
3 0 0 3
unit i elementary tcp sockets 9
introduction to socket programming – overview of tcp/ip protocols –introduction to
sockets – socket address structures – byte ordering functions – address conversion
functions – elementary tcp sockets – socket, connect, bind, listen, accept, read, write,
close functions – iterative server – concurrent server.
Unit ii application development 9
tcp echo server – tcp echo client – posix signal handling – server with multiple
clients – boundary conditions: server process crashes, server host crashes, server
crashes and reboots, server shutdown – i/o multiplexing – i/o models – select function
– shutdown function – tcp echo server (with multiplexing) – poll function – tcp echo
client (with multiplexing).
Unit iii socket options, elementary udp sockets 9
socket options – getsocket and setsocket functions – generic socket options – ip socket
options – icmp socket options – tcp socket options – elementary udp sockets – udp
echo server – udp echo client – multiplexing tcp and udp sockets – domain name
system – gethostbyname function – ipv6 support in dns – gethostbyadr function –
getservbyname and getservbyport functions.
Unit iv advanced sockets 9
ipv4 and ipv6 interoperability – threaded servers – thread creation and termination –
tcp echo server using threads – mutexes – condition variables – raw sockets – raw
socket creation – raw socket output – raw socket input – ping program – trace route
program.
Unit v simple network management 9
snmp network management concepts – snmp management information – standard
mib’s – snmpv1 protocol and practical issues – introduction to rmon, snmpv2 and
snmpv3.
Total = 45 periods
text books:
1. W. Richard stevens, “unix network programming vol-i”, second edition, pearson
education, 1998.
2. Mani subramaniam, “network management: principles and practice“, addison
wesley”, first edition, 2001.
References:
1. D.e. Comer, “internetworking with tcp/ip vol- iii”, (bsd sockets version), second
edition, pearson education, 2003.
2. William stallings, “snmp, snmpv2, snmpv3 and rmon 1 and 2”,third edition,
addison wesley, 1999.
5
cs2353 object oriented analysis and design l t p c
3 0 0 3
objectives:
 to learn basic oo analysis and design skills through an elaborate case study.·
 to use the uml design diagrams·
 to apply the appropriate design patterns·
unit i 9
introduction to ooad – what is ooad? – what is uml? What are the united
process(up) phases - case study – the nextgen pos system, inception -use case
modeling - relating use cases – include, extend and generalization.
Unit ii 9
elaboration - domain models - finding conceptual classes and description classes –
associations – attributes – domain model refinement – finding conceptual class
hierarchies- aggregation and composition- uml activity diagrams and modeling
unit iii 9
system sequence diagrams - relationship between sequence diagrams and use cases
logical architecture and uml package diagram – logical architecture refinement - uml
class diagrams - uml interaction diagrams
unit iv 9
grasp: designing objects with responsibilities – creator – information expert – low
coupling –controller – high cohesion – designing for visibility - applying gof design
patterns – adapter, singleton, factory and observer patterns.
Unit v 9
uml state diagrams and modeling - operation contracts- mapping design to code -uml
deployment and component diagrams
total = 45 periods
text book:
1. Craig larman,"applying uml and patterns: an introduction to object-oriented analysis
and design and iterative development”, third edition, pearson education, 2005
references:
1. Mike o’docherty, “object-oriented analysis & design: understanding system
development with uml 2.0”, john wiley & sons, 2005.
2. James w- cooper, addison-wesley, “java design patterns – a tutorial”, 2000.
3. Micheal blaha, james rambaugh, “object-oriented modeling and design with uml”,
second edition, prentice hall of india private limited, 2007
4. Erich gamma, richard helm, ralph johnson, john vlissides,“design patterns:
elements of reusable object-oriented software”, addison-wesley, 1995.
6
it2352 cryptography and network security l t p c
3 1 0 4
unit i 9
security trends – attacks and services – classical crypto systems – different types of
ciphers – lfsr sequences – basic number theory – congruences – chinese
remainder theorem – modular exponentiation – fermat and euler's theorem – legendre
and jacobi symbols – finite fields – continued fractions.
Unit ii 9
simple des – differential cryptoanalysis – des – modes of operation – triple des –
aes – rc4 – rsa – attacks – primality test – factoring.
Unit iii 9
discrete logarithms – computing discrete logs – diffie-hellman key exchange –
elgamal public key cryptosystems – hash functions – secure hash – birthday attacks -
md5 – digital signatures – rsa – elgamal – dsa.
Unit iv 9
authentication applications – kerberos, x.509, pki – electronic mail security – pgp,
s/mime – ip security – web security – ssl, tls, set.
Unit v 9
system security – intruders – malicious software – viruses – firewalls – security
standards.
Total = 60 periods
text books:
1. Wade trappe, lawrence c washington, “ introduction to cryptography with coding
theory”, 2nd ed, pearson, 2007.
2. William stallings, “crpyptography and network security principles and practices”,
pearson/phi, 4th ed, 2006.
References:
1. W. Mao, “modern cryptography – theory and practice”, pearson education, second
edition, 2007.
2. Charles p. Pfleeger, shari lawrence pfleeger – security in computing third edition –
prentice hall of india, 2006
7
it2353 web technology lt p c
3 0 0 3
unit i 9
web essentials: clients, servers, and communication. The internet-basic internet
protocols -the world wide web-http request message-response message-web
clients web servers-case study. Markup languages: xhtml. An introduction to html
history-versions-basic xhtml syntax and semantics-some fundamental html
elements-relative urls-lists-tables-frames-forms-xml creating html documents
case study.
Unit ii 9
style sheets: css-introduction to cascading style sheets-features-core syntax-style
sheets and html style rle cascading and inheritance-text properties-box model
normal flow box layout-beyond the normal flow-other properties-case study. Client-
side programming: the javascript language-history and versions introduction
javascript in perspective-syntax-variables and data types-statements-operators-
literals-functions-objects-arrays-built-in objects-javascript debuggers.
Unit iii 9
host objects : browsers and the dom-introduction to the document object model dom
history and levels-intrinsic event handling-modifying element style-the document
tree-dom event handling-accommodating noncompliant browsers properties of
window-case study. Server-side programming: java servlets- architecture -overview-a
servelet-generating dynamic content-life cycle-parameter data-sessions-cookies-
url rewriting-other capabilities-data storage servelets and concurrency-case study-
related technologies.
Unit iv 9
representing web data: xml-documents and vocabularies-versions and declaration -
namespaces javascript and xml: ajax-dom based xml processing event-oriented
parsing: sax-transforming xml documents-selecting xml data:xpath-templatebased
transformations: xslt-displaying xml documments in browsers-case study-
related technologies. Separating programming and presentation: jsp technology
introduction-jsp and servlets-running jsp applications basic jsp-javabeans classes
and jsp-tag libraries and files-support for the model-view-controller paradigm-case
study-related technologies.
Unit v 9
web services: jax-rpc-concepts-writing a java web service-writing a java web
service client-describing web services: wsdl- representing data types: xml
schema-communicating object data: soap related technologies-software
installation-storing java objects as files-databases and java servlets.
Total = 45 periods
text book:
1. Jeffrey c.jackson, "web technologies--a computer science perspective", pearson
education, 2006.
8
references:
1. Robert. W. Sebesta, "programming the world wide web", fourth edition, pearson
education, 2007.
2. Deitel, deitel, goldberg, "internet & world wide web how to program", third
edition, pearson education, 2006.
3. Marty hall and larry brown,”core web programming” second edition, volume i
and ii, pearson education, 2001.
4. Bates, “developing web applications”, wiley, 2006.
It2354 embedded systems l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i embedded computing 9
challenges of embedded systems – embedded system design process. Embedded
processors – 8051 microcontroller, arm processor – architecture, instruction sets and
programming.
Unit ii memory and input / output management 9
programming input and output – memory system mechanisms – memory and i/o
devices and interfacing – interrupts handling.
Unit iii processes and operating systems 9
multiple tasks and processes – context switching – scheduling policies – interprocess
communication mechanisms – performance issues.
Unit iv embedded software 9
programming embedded systems in assembly and c – meeting real time constraints –
multi-state systems and function sequences. Embedded software development tools –
emulators and debuggers.
Unit v embedded system development 9
design issues and techniques – case studies – complete design of example embedded
systems.
Total = 45 periods
text books:
1. Wayne wolf, “computers as components: principles of embedded computer
system design”, elsevier, 2006.
2. Michael j. Pont, “embedded c”, pearson education , 2007.
References:
1. Steve heath, “embedded system design”, elsevier, 2005.
2. Muhammed ali mazidi, janice gillispie mazidi and rolin d. Mckinlay, “the 8051
microcontroller and embedded systems”, pearson education, second edition, 2007.
9
it2357 web technology lab l t p c
0 0 3 2
list of experiments
1.create a web page with the following using html
i) to embed an image map in a web page
ii) to fix the hot spots
iii) show all the related information when the hot spots are clicked.
2. Create a web page with all types of cascading style sheets.
3. Client side scripts for validating web form controls using dhtml
4. Write programs in java to create applets incorporating the following features:
 create a color palette with matrix of buttons·
 set background and foreground of the control text area by selecting a color from·
color palette.
 In order to select foreground or background use check box control as radio·
buttons
 to set background images·
5. Write programs in java using servlets:
 to invoke servlets from html forms·
 to invoke servlets from applets·
6. Write programs in java to create three-tier applications using jsp and databases
 for conducting on-line examination.·
 for displaying student mark list. Assume that student information is available in a·
database which has been stored in a database server.
7. Programs using xml – schema – xslt/xsl
8. Program using dom / sax
9. Programs using ajax
10. Consider a case where we have two web services- an airline service and a travel
agent and the travel agent is searching for an airline. Implement this scenario using
web services and data base.
Total = 45 periods
requirement for a batch of 30 students
s. No. Description of equipment quantity required
1.
Hardware:
pentium iv with 2 gb ram,
160 gb hard disk,
monitor 1024 x 768 colour
60 hz.
30 nodes
2.
Software:
windows /linux operating system
jdk 1.6(or above)
ajax
oracle 9i(or above version) / microsoft
access
30 user license
10
cs2357 object oriented analysis and design lab l t p c
0 0 3 2
objective:
to develop a mini-project following the 12 exercises listed below.
1. To develop a problem statement.
2. Develop an ieee standard srs document. Also develop risk management and
project plan (gantt chart).
3. Identify use cases and develop the use case model.
4. Identify the business activities and develop an uml activity diagram.
5. Identity the conceptual classes and develop a domain model with uml class
diagram.
6. Using the identified scenarios find the interaction between objects and represent
them using uml interaction diagrams.
7. Draw the state chart diagram.
8. Identify the user interface, domain objects, and technical services. Draw the
partial layered, logical architecture diagram with uml package diagram notation.
9. Implement the technical services layer.
10. Implement the domain objects layer.
11. Implement the user interface layer.
12. Draw component and deployment diagrams.
Total = 45 periods
suggested domains for mini-project.
1. Passport automation system.
2. Book bank
3. Exam registration
4. Stock maintenance system.
5. Online course reservation system
6. E-ticketing
7. Software personnel management system
8. Credit card processing
9. E-book management system
10. Recruitment system
11. Foreign trading system
12. Conference management system
13. Bpo management system
suggested software tools
argouml, eclipse ide, visual paradigm, visual case, and rational suite
requirement for a batch of 30 students
s. No. Description of equipment quantity
required
1. Software tools
argouml, eclipse ide, visual
paradigm, visual case, and rational
suite
30 user license
2. Pc’s 30
11
cs2307 network lab l t p c
0 0 3 2 1. Programs using tcp sockets (like date and time server & client, echo server &
client, etc..)
2. Programs using udp sockets (like simple dns)
3. Programs using raw sockets (like packet capturing and filtering)
4. Programs using rpc
5. Simulation of sliding window protocols
experiments using simulators (like opnet)
6. Performance comparison of mac protocols
7. Implementing routing protocols
8. Performance comparison of routing protocols
9. Study of udp performance
10. Study of tcp performance.
Total = 45 periods
requirement for a batch of 30 students
s.no. Description of equipment quantity
required
1. Software
 c++ compilerØ
 j2sdk (freeware)Ø
 linuxØ
 ns2/glomosim/opnetØ
(freeware)
30
2. Hardware
 pcsØ
30 nos.
12
it2401 service oriented architecture l t p c
3 0 0 3
objectives:
 to gain understanding of the basic principles of service orientation·
 to learn service oriented analysis techniques·
 to learn technology underlying the service design·
 to learn advanced concepts such as service composition, orchestration and·
choreography
 to know about various ws-* specification standards·
unit i 9
roots of soa – characteristics of soa - comparing soa to client-server and distributed
internet architectures – anatomy of soa- how components in an soa interrelate -
principles of service orientation
unit ii 9
web services – service descriptions – messaging with soap –message exchange
patterns – coordination –atomic transactions – business activities – orchestration –
choreography - service layer abstraction – application service layer – business
service layer – orchestration service layer
unit iii 9
service oriented analysis – business-centric soa – deriving business services- service
modeling - service oriented design – wsdl basics – soap basics – soa composition
guidelines – entity-centric business service design – application service design – taskcentric
business service design
unit iv 9
soa platform basics – soa support in j2ee – java api for xml-based web services
(jax-ws) - java architecture for xml binding (jaxb) – java api for xml registries
(jaxr) - java api for xml based rpc (jax-rpc)- web services interoperability
technologies (wsit) - soa support in .net – common language runtime - asp.net
web forms – asp.net web services – web services enhancements (wse)
unit v 9
ws-bpel basics – ws-coordination overview - ws-choreography, ws-policy, wssecurity
total = 45 periods
text books:
1. Thomas erl, “service-oriented architecture: concepts, technology, and design”,
pearson education, 2005.
References:
1. Thomas erl, “soa principles of service design “(the prentice hall service-oriented
computing series from thomas erl), 2005.
2. Newcomer, lomow, “understanding soa with web services”, pearson education,
2005.
3. Sandeep chatterjee, james webber, “developing enterprise web services, an
architect’s guide”, pearson education, 2005.
4. Dan woods and thomas mattern, “enterprise soa designing it for business
innovation” o’reilly, first edition, 2006
13
it2402 mobile communication l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i wireless communication 7
cellular systems- frequency management and channel assignment- types of handoff
and their characteristics, dropped call rates & their evaluation -mac – sdma – fdma –
tdma – cdma – cellular wireless networks
unit ii wireless networks 9
wireless lan – ieee 802.11 standards – architecture – services – mobile ad hoc
networks- wifi and wimax - wireless local loop
unit iii mobile communication systems 11
gsm-architecture-location tracking and call setup- mobility management- handover-
security-gsm sms –international roaming for gsm- call recording functions-subscriber
and service data mgt –-mobile number portability -voip service for mobile networks –
gprs –architecture-gprs procedures-attach and detach procedures-pdp context
procedure-combined ra/la update procedures-billing
unit iv mobile network and transport layers 9
mobile ip – dynamic host configuration protocol-mobile ad hoc routing protocols–
multicast routing-tcp over wireless networks – indirect tcp – snooping tcp – mobile
tcp – fast retransmit / fast recovery – transmission/timeout freezing-selective
retransmission – transaction oriented tcp- tcp over 2.5 / 3g wireless networks
unit v application layer 9
wap model- mobile location based services -wap gateway –wap protocols – wap
user agent profile- caching model-wireless bearers for wap - wml – wmlscripts - wta
- imode- syncml.
Total = 45 periods
text books:
1. Jochen schiller, “mobile communications”, second edition, pearson education, 2003.
2. William stallings, “wireless communications and networks”, pearson education,
2002.
References:
1. Kaveh pahlavan, prasanth krishnamoorthy, “principles of wireless networks”, first
edition, pearson education, 2003.
2. Uwe hansmann, lothar merk, martin s. Nicklons and thomas stober, “principles of
mobile computing”, springer, 2003.
3. C.k.toh, “adhoc mobile wireless networks”, first edition, pearson education, 2002.
14
cs2401 computer graphics l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i 2d primitives 9
output primitives – line, circle and ellipse drawing algorithms - attributes of output
primitives – two dimensional geometric transformation - two dimensional viewing –
line, polygon, curve and text clipping algorithms
unit ii 3d concepts 9
parallel and perspective projections - three dimensional object representation –
polygons, curved lines, splines, quadric surfaces,- visualization of data sets - 3d
transformations – viewing -visible surface identification.
Unit iii graphics programming 9
color models – rgb, yiq, cmy, hsv – animations – general computer animation,
raster, keyframe - graphics programming using opengl – basic graphics primitives –
drawing three dimensional objects - drawing three dimensional scenes
unit iv rendering 9
introduction to shading models – flat and smooth shading – adding texture to faces –
adding shadows of objects – building a camera in a program – creating shaded objects
– rendering texture – drawing shadows.
Unit v fractals 9
fractals and self similarity – peano curves – creating image by iterated functions –
mandelbrot sets – julia sets – random fractals – overview of ray tracing –
intersecting rays with other primitives – adding surface texture – reflections and
transparency – boolean operations on objects
total = 45 periods
text books:
1. Donald hearn, pauline baker, computer graphics – c version, second edition,
pearson education,2004.
2. F.s. Hill, computer graphics using opengl, second edition, pearson
education,2003.
Reference:
1. James d. Foley, andries van dam, steven k. Feiner, john f. Hughes, computer
graphics- principles and practice, second edition in c, pearson education, 2007.
It2403 software project management l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i introduction to software project management 9
project definition – contract management – activities covered by software project
management – overview of project planning – stepwise project planning.
Unit ii project evaluation 9
strategic assessment – technical assessment – cost benefit analysis –cash flow
forecasting – cost benefit evaluation techniques – risk evaluation.
15
unit iii activity planning 9
objectives – project schedule – sequencing and scheduling activities –network
planning models – forward pass – backward pass – activity float – shortening project
duration – activity on arrow networks – risk management – nature of risk – types of
risk – managing risk – hazard identification – hazard analysis – risk planning and
control.
Unit iv monitoring and control 9
creating framework – collecting the data – visualizing progress – cost monitoring –
earned value – priortizing monitoring – getting project back to target – change
control – managing contracts – introduction – types of contract – stages in contract
placement – typical terms of a contract – contract management – acceptance.
Unit v managing people and organizing teams 9
introduction – understanding behavior – organizational behaviour: a background –
selecting the right person for the job – instruction in the best methods – motivation
– the oldman – hackman job characteristics model – working in groups – becoming
a team –decision making – leadership – organizational structures – stress –health
and safety – case studies.
Total = 45 periods
text book:
1. Bob hughes, mikecotterell, “software project management”, third edition, tata
mcgraw hill, 2004.
References:
1. Ramesh, gopalaswamy, "managing global projects", tata mcgraw hill, 2001.
2. Royce, “software project management”, pearson education, 1999.
3. Jalote, “software project manangement in practive”, pearson education, 2002.
It2406 service oriented architecture lab l t p c
0 0 3 2
1. Develop at least 5 components such as order processing, payment processing,
etc., using .net component technology.
2. Develop at least 5 components such as order processing, payment processing,
etc., using ejb component technology.
3. Invoke .net components as web services.
4. Invoke ejb components as web services.
5. Develop a service orchestration engine (workflow) using ws-bpel and
implement service composition. For example, a business process for planning
business travels will invoke several services. This process will invoke several
airline companies (such as american airlines, delta airlines etc. ) to check the
airfare price and buy at the lowest price.
6. Develop a j2ee client to access a .net web service.
7. Develop a .net client to access a j2ee web service.
Total = 45 periods
16
list of equipments:
hardware:
cpu:- (as server) processor (core 2 quad or equivalent) with good speed,
2gbram, 300gbhdd
software:
1).net framework (ms academic alliance)
(or)
express edition
2) j2ee framework free download
3) os – windows or linux
cs2405 computer graphics lab l t p c
0 0 3 2
1. Implementation of bresenhams algorithm – line, circle, ellipse.
2. Implementation of line, circle and ellipse attributes.
3. Two dimensional transformations - translation, rotation, scaling, reflection,
shear.
4. Composite 2d transformations.
5. Cohen sutherland 2d line clipping and windowing
6. Sutherland – hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm.
7. Three dimensional transformations - translation, rotation, scaling.
8. Composite 3d transformations.
9. Drawing three dimensional objects and scenes.
10. Generating fractal images.
Total = 45 periods
list of equipments:
1) turbo c
2) visual c++ with opengl
3) any 3d animation software like 3dsmax, maya, blender
ma2264 numerical methods l t p c
3 1 0 4
unit i solution of equations and eigenvalue problems 9
solution of equation –fixed point iteration: x=g(x) method - newton’s method – solution
of linear system by gaussian elimination and gauss-jordon method– iterative method -
gauss-seidel method - inverse of a matrix by gauss jordon method – eigen value of a
matrix by power method and by jacobi method for symmetric matrix.
Unit ii interpolation and approximation 9
lagrangian polynomials – divided differences – interpolating with a cubic spline –
newton’s forward and backward difference formulas.
Unit iii numerical differentiation and integration 9
differentiation using interpolation formulae –numerical integration by trapezoidal and
simpson’s 1/3 and 3/8 rules – romberg’s method – two and three point gaussian
quadrature formulae – double integrals using trapezoidal and simpsons’s rules.
17
unit iv initial value problems for ordinary differential
equations 9
single step methods: taylor series method – euler method for first order equation –
fourth order runge – kutta method for solving first and second order equations –
multistep methods: milne’s and adam’s predictor and corrector methods.
Unit v boundary value problems in ordinary and partial
differential equations 9
finite difference solution of second order ordinary differential equation – finite difference
solution of one dimensional heat equation by explicit and implicit methods – one
dimensional wave equation and two dimensional laplace and poisson equations.
L : 45 , t : 15 ,total = 60 periods
text books:
1. Veerarjan, t and ramachandran, t. ‘numerical methods with programming in ‘c’
second editiion, tata mcgraw-hill publishing.co.ltd. (2007).
2. Sankara rao k, ‘numerical methods for scientisits and engineers’ – 3rd editiion
printice hall of india private ltd, new delhi, (2007).
References:
1. Chapra, s. C and canale, r. P. “numerical methods for engineers”, 5th edition, tata
mcgraw-hill, new delhi, 2007.
2. Gerald, c. F. And wheatley, p.o., “applied numerical analysis”, 6th edition, pearson
education asia, new delhi, 2006.
3. Grewal, b.s. And grewal,j.s., “ numerical methods in engineering and science”, 6th
edition, khanna publishers, new delhi, 2004
ma2265 discrete mathematics l t p c
3 1 0 4
unit i logic and proofs 9 + 3
propositional logic – propositional equivalences-predicates and quantifiers-nested
quantifiers-rules of inference-introduction to proofs-proof methods and strategy
unit ii combinatorics 9+3
mathematical inductions-strong induction and well ordering-.the basics of counting-the
pigeonhole principle –permutations and combinations-recurrence relations-solving
linear recurrence relations-generating functions-inclusion and exclusion and
applications.
Unit iii graphs 9 + 3
graphs and graph models-graph terminology and special types of graphs-representing
graphs and graph isomorphism-connectivity-euler and hamilton paths
unit iv algebraic structures 9 + 3
algebraic systems-semi groups and monoids-groups-subgroups and homomorphisms-
cosets and lagrange’s theorem- ring & fields (definitions and examples)
18
unit v lattices and boolean algebra 9+3
partial ordering-posets-lattices as posets- properties of lattices-lattices as algebraic
systems –sub lattices –direct product and homomorphism-some special lattices-
boolean algebra
total: 60 periods
text books:
1. Kenneth h.rosen, “discrete mathematics and its applications”, special indian
edition, tata mcgraw-hill pub. Co. Ltd., new delhi, (2007). (for the units 1 to 3,
sections 1.1 to 1.7 , 4.1 & 4.2, 5.1 to 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.4 to 6.6, 8.1 to 8.5)
2. Trembly j.p and manohar r, “discrete mathematical structures with applications to
computer science”, tata mcgraw–hill pub. Co. Ltd, new delhi, 30th re-print
(2007).(for units 4 & 5 , sections 2-3.8 & 2-3.9,3-1,3-2 & 3-5, 4-1 & 4-2)
references:
1. Ralph. P. Grimaldi, “discrete and combinatorial mathematics: an applied
introduction”, fourth edition, pearson education asia, delhi, (2002).
2. Thomas koshy, ”discrete mathematics with applications”, elsevier publications,
(2006).
3. Seymour lipschutz and mark lipson, ”discrete mathematics”, schaum’s outlines,
tata mcgraw-hill pub. Co. Ltd., new delhi, second edition, (2007).
It2021 business process model l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i organizational structure 9
types of business organizations-organizational structures-definition-complexity-
formulization-size-technology-culture-forms and outcomes-explanations of
structures-it industry and organizational structures-processes of organizations-case
studies
unit ii process flow measurement 9
process flow measures - flow rate - flow time - inventory - flow-time analysis - process
flow chart - flow-time measurement - cpm - managing flow-time - flow-rate and capacity
analysis - resources and resource pools - flow-rate measurement - process capacity -
inventory analysis
unit iii process flow variability 9
managing flow variability - safety inventory - demand forecasts and forecast errors -
optimal services level - lead time demand variability - safety capacity - service processes
and performance measures - queueing process - buffer capacity - synchronization and
capacity and demand - process control and capability - performance variability - process
capability measurement and improvement - product and process design - process
synchronization and improvement
unit iv business process reengineering 9
introduction to business process re-engineering (bpr)-meaning-types-process-
impetrative for survival-strategic approach-implementing business process reengineering-
methodology and steps-indian scenario of implementing bpr-case
studies
19
unit v bpr and it industry 9
bpr and information technology process-people view and perspectives-empowering
people through it-managing change in the global environment-bpr rediscovering
indian paradigm-need of reengineering-case studies
total = 45 periods
textbooks:
1. Richard h.hall, "organizations - structures, processes and outcomes”, pearson
education, 2004
2. Ravi anupindi et. Al., "managing business process flows", pearson education,
1999.
3. M.s.jayaraman et. Al, “business process reengineering”, tata mc graw hill
publications, 2001
references:
1. Gareth jones, “organizational theory, design and change”, pearson education, 4th
edition, 2004
2. John jeston and johan nelis, "business process management", elsevier, 2006.
It2022 software requirement engineering l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i introduction 9
introduction - requirements problem – requirements management – requirements
and software life cycle-software team.
Unit ii analysing the prolem 9
the five steps in problem analysis– business modeling – systems engineering of
software intensive systems – understanding user and stakeholders needs – features of
a product or system –interviewing – requirements workshops- brain storming and idea
reduction- storyboarding
unit iii defining the system 9
use case primer-organizing requirement information-vision document-product
management-managing scope-establishing project scope-managing customer
unit iv refining the system definition 9
software requirement-refining the use cases-developing the supplementary
specification- ambiguity and specificity -technical methods for specifying requirements
unit v building the right system 9
from use cases to implementation-from use cases to test cases-tracing
requirements-managing change-assessing requirements quality in iterative
development-agile requirement methods.
Total = 45 periods
text book:
1. Leffingwell, d., widrig, d., “managing software requirements a use case approach”,
second edition, pearson education, 2003.
20
references:
1. Swapna kishore, rajesh naik, “software requirements and estimation”, tata
mcgraw hill, 2001
2. K.weigers, software requirements, microsoft press, 1999.
3. Ian sommerville and p sawyer, “requirements engineering a good practice guide”,
wiley india, 1997
it2023 digital image processing l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i fundamentals of image processing 9
introduction – steps in image processing systems – image acquisition – sampling and
quantization – pixel relationships – colour fundamentals and models, file formats,
image operations – arithmetic, geometric and morphological.
Unit ii image enhancement 9
spatial domain gray level transformations histogram processing spatial filtering –
smoothing and sharpening. Frequency domain : filtering in frequency domain – dft,
fft, dct – smoothing and sharpening filters – homomorphic filtering.
Unit iii image segmentation and feature analysis 9
detection of discontinuities – edge operators – edge linking and boundary detection –
thresholding – region based segmentation – morphological watersheds – motion
segmentation, feature analysis and extraction.
Unit iv multi resolution analysis and compressions 9
multi resolution analysis : image pyramids – multi resolution expansion – wavelet
transforms.
Image compression : fundamentals – models – elements of information theory – error
free compression – lossy compression – compression standards.
Unit v applications of image processing 9
image classification – image recognition – image understanding – video motion
analysis – image fusion – steganography – digital compositing – mosaics – colour
image processing..
Total = 45 periods
text books :
1. Rafael c.gonzalez and richard e.woods, “digital image processing” second edition,
pearson education, 2003.
References:
1. Milan sonka, vaclav hlavac and roger boyle, “image processing, analysis and
machine vision”, second edition, thomson learning, 2001
2. Anil k.jain, “fundamentals of digital image processing”, phi, 2006.
3. Sanjit k. Mitra, & giovanni l. Sicuranza, “non linear image processing”, elsevier,
2007.
4. Richard o. Duda, peter e. Hof, david g. Stork, “pattern classification” wiley
student edition, 2006.
21
it2024 user interface design l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i introduction 8
human–computer interface – characteristics of graphics interface –direct manipulation
graphical system – web user interface –popularity –characteristic & principles.
Unit ii human computer interaction 10
user interface design process – obstacles –usability –human characteristics in design
– human interaction speed –business functions –requirement analysis – direct –
indirect methods – basic business functions – design standards – system timings –
human consideration in screen design – structures of menus – functions of menus–
contents of menu– formatting – phrasing the menu – selecting menu choice–
navigating menus– graphical menus.
Unit iii windows 9
characteristics– components– presentation styles– types– managements–
organizations– operations– web systems– device– based controls characteristics–
screen – based controls – operate control – text boxes– selection control–
combination control– custom control– presentation control.
Unit iv multimedia 9
text for web pages – effective feedback– guidance & assistance–
internationalization– accesssibility– icons– image– multimedia – coloring.
Unit v windows layout– test 9
prototypes – kinds of tests – retest – information search – visualization –
hypermedia – www– software tools.
Total = 45 periods
text books:
1. Wilbent. O. Galitz ,“the essential guide to user interface design”, john wiley&
sons, 2001.
2. Ben sheiderman, “design the user interface”, pearson education, 1998.
References:
1. Alan cooper, “the essential of user interface design”, wiley – dream tech ltd.,
2002.
Cs2022 visual programming l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i 9
windows programming fundamentals – mfc – windows – graphics – menus – mouse
and keyboard – bitmaps – palettes – device-independent bitmaps
unit ii 9
controls – modal and modeless dialog – property – data i/o – sound – timer
unit iii 9
memory management – sdi – mdi – mfc for advanced windows user interface – status
bar and toolbars – tree view – list view – threads
22
unit iv 9
odbc – mfc database classes – dao - dlls – working with images
unit v 9
com fundamentals – activex control – atl – internet programming
total = 45 periods
text book:
1. Richard c.leinecker and tom archer, “visual c++ 6 programming bible”, wiley
dreamtech press, 2006.
References:
1. Lars klander, “core visual c++ 6”, pearson education, 2000
2. Deital, deital, liperi and yaeger “visual v++ .net how to program” , pearson
education, 2004.
Cs2032 data warehousing and data mining lt p c
3 0 0 3
unit i data warehousing 10
data warehousing components –building a data warehouse –- mapping the data
warehouse to a multiprocessor architecture – dbms schemas for decision support –
data extraction, cleanup, and transformation tools –metadata.
Unit ii business analysis 8
reporting and query tools and applications – tool categories – the need for
applications – cognos impromptu – online analytical processing (olap) – need –
multidimensional data model – olap guidelines – multidimensional versus
multirelational olap – categories of tools – olap tools and the internet.
Unit iii data mining 8
introduction – data – types of data – data mining functionalities – interestingness of
patterns – classification of data mining systems – data mining task primitives –
integration of a data mining system with a data warehouse – issues –data
preprocessing.
Unit iv association rule mining and classification 11
mining frequent patterns, associations and correlations – mining methods – mining
various kinds of association rules – correlation analysis – constraint based
association mining – classification and prediction - basic concepts - decision tree
induction - bayesian classification – rule based classification – classification by
backpropagation – support vector machines – associative classification – lazy
learners – other classification methods - prediction
unit v clustering and applications and trends in data mining 8
cluster analysis - types of data – categorization of major clustering methods - kmeans
– partitioning methods – hierarchical methods - density-based methods –grid
based methods – model-based clustering methods – clustering high dimensional data
- constraint – based cluster analysis – outlier analysis – data mining applications.
Total = 45 periods
23
text books:
1. Alex berson and stephen j. Smith, “ data warehousing, data mining & olap”, tata
mcgraw – hill edition, tenth reprint 2007.
2. Jiawei han and micheline kamber, “data mining concepts and techniques”, second
edition, elsevier, 2007.
References:
1. Pang-ning tan, michael steinbach and vipin kumar, “ introduction to data mining”,
person education, 2007.
2. K.p. Soman, shyam diwakar and v. Ajay “, insight into data mining theory and
practice”, easter economy edition, prentice hall of india, 2006.
3. G. K. Gupta, “ introduction to data mining with case studies”, easter economy
edition, prentice hall of india, 2006.
4. Daniel t.larose, “data mining methods and models”, wile-inter science, 2006.
Cs2303 theory of computation l t p c
3 1 0 4
unit i automata 9 + 3
introduction to formal proof – additional forms of proof – inductive proofs –finite
automata (fa) – deterministic finite automata (dfa) – non-deterministic finite
automata (nfa) – finite automata with epsilon transitions.
Unit ii regular expressions and languages 9 + 3
regular expression – fa and regular expressions – proving languages not to be
regular – closure properties of regular languages – equivalence and minimization of
automata.
Unit iii context-free grammars and languages 9 + 3
context-free grammar (cfg) – parse trees – ambiguity in grammars and languages –
definition of the pushdown automata – languages of a pushdown automata –
equivalence of pushdown automata and cfg– deterministic pushdown automata.
Unit iv properties of context-free languages 9 + 3
normal forms for cfg – pumping lemma for cfl – closure properties of cfl – turing
machines – programming techniques for tm.
Unit v undecidabality 9 + 3
a language that is not recursively enumerable (re) – an undecidable problem that is
re – undecidable problems about turing machine – post’s correspondence problem –
the classes p and np
l: 45 t:15 total = 60 periods
text books:
1. J.e. Hopcroft, r. Motwani and j.d. Ullman, “introduction to automata theory,
languages and computations”, second edition, pearson education, 2007.
References:
1. H.r. Lewis and c.h. Papadimitriou, “elements of the theory of computation”,
second edition, pearson education, 2003.
24
2. Thomas a. Sudkamp,” an introduction to the theory of computer science,
languages and machines”, third edition, pearson education, 2007.
3. Raymond greenlaw an h.james hoover, “ fundamentals of theory of computation,
principles and practice”, morgan kaufmann publishers, 1998.
4. Micheal sipser, “introduction of the theory and computation”, thomson brokecole,
1997.
5. J. Martin,“introduction to languages and the theory of computation”, 3rd
edition,tata mc graw hill, 2007
cs2029 advanced database technology l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i relational model issues 9
er model - normalization – query processing – query optimization - transaction
processing - concurrency control – recovery - database tuning.
Unit ii distributed databases 9
parallel databases – inter and intra query parallelism – distributed database
features – distributed database architecture – fragmentation – distributed query
processing – distributed transactions processing – concurrency control – recovery –
commit protocols.
Unit iii object oriented databases 9
introduction to object oriented data bases - approaches - modeling and design -
persistence – query languages - transaction - concurrency – multi version locks –
recovery – postgres – jasmine –gemstone - odmg model.
Unit iv emerging systems 9
enhanced data models - client/server model - data warehousing and data mining -
web databases – mobile databases- xml and web databases.
Unit v current issues 9
rules - knowledge bases - active and deductive databases - multimedia databases–
multimedia data structures – multimedia query languages - spatial databases.
Total = 45 periods
text book:
1. Thomas connolly and carlolyn begg, “database systems, a practical approach to
design, implementation and management”, third edition, pearson education 2003.
References:
1. R. Elmasri, s.b. Navathe, “fundamentals of database systems”, fifth edition,
pearson education, 2006.
2. Abraham silberschatz, henry f. Korth, s. Sudharshan, “database system
concepts”, fifth edition, tata mcgraw hill, 2006.
3. C.j.date, a.kannan, s.swamynathan, “an introduction to database systems”,
eighth edition, pearson education, 2006.
25
it2031 electronic commerce l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i introduction 9
traditional commerce and e commerce – internet and www – role of www – value
chains – strategic business and industry value chains – role of e commerce.
Unit ii infrastructure for e commerce 9
packet switched networks – tcp/ip protocol script – internet utility programmes –
sgml, html and xml – web client and servers – web client/server architecture –
intranet and extranets.
Unit iii web based tools for e commerce 9
web server – performance evaluation - web server software feature sets – web server
software and tools – web protocol – search engines – intelligent agents –ec software –
web hosting – cost analysis
unit iv security 9
computer security classification – copy right and intellectual property – electronic
commerce threats – protecting client computers – electronic payment systems –
electronic cash – strategies for marketing – sales and promotion – cryptography –
authentication.
Unit v intelligent agents 9
definition and capabilities – limitation of agents – security – web based marketing –
search engines and directory registration – online advertisements – portables and info
mechanics – website design issues.
Total = 45 periods
text books:
1. Ravi kalakota, “ electronic commerce”, pearson education,
2. Gary p schneider “electronic commerce”, thomson learning & james t peny
cambridge usa, 2001.
3. Manlyn greenstein and miklos “electronic commerce” mcgraw-hill, 2002.
References:
1. Efraim turvan j.lee, david kug and chung, “electronic commerce” pearson
education asia 2001.
2. Brenda kienew e commerce business prentice hall, 2001.
It2032 software testing l t p c
3 0 0 3 unit i introduction 9
testing as an engineering activity – role of process in software quality – testing as a
process – basic definitions – software testing principles – the tester’s role in a
software development organization – origins of defects – defect classes – the defect
repository and test design – defect examples – developer/tester support for
developing a defect repository.
26
unit ii test case design 9
introduction to testing design strategies – the smarter tester – test case design
strategies – using black box approach to test case design random testing –
requirements based testing – positive and negative testing -–– boundary value
analysis – decision tables - equivalence class partitioning state-based testing– causeeffect
graphing – error guessing - compatibility testing – user documentation testing –
domain testing using white–box approach to test design – test adequacy criteria –
static testing vs. Structural testing – code functional testing - coverage and control flow
graphs – covering code logic – paths – their role in white–box based test design –
code complexity testing – evaluating test adequacy criteria.
Unit iii levels of testing 9
the need for levels of testing – unit test – unit test planning –designing the unit
tests. The test harness – running the unit tests and recording results – integration
tests – designing integration tests – integration test planning – scenario testing –
defect bash elimination -system testing – types of system testing - acceptance testing –
performance testing - regression testing – internationalization testing – ad-hoc testing -
alpha – beta tests – testing oo systems – usability and accessibility testing
unit iv test management 9
people and organizational issues in testing – organization structures for testing teams –
testing services - test planning – test plan components – test plan attachments –
locating test items – test management – test process - reporting test results – the
role of three groups in test planning and policy development – introducing the test
specialist – skills needed by a test specialist – building a testing group.
Unit v controlling and monitoring 9
software test automation – skills needed for automation – scope of automation – design
and architecture for automation – requirements for a test tool – challenges in automation
- test metrics and measurements –project, progress and productivity metrics – status
meetings – reports and control issues – criteria for test completion – scm – types of
reviews – developing a review program – components of review plans– reporting
review results. – evaluating software quality – defect prevention – testing maturity
model
total = 45 periods
text books:
1. Srinivasan desikan and gopalaswamy ramesh, “ software testing – principles and
practices”, pearson education, 2006.
2. Aditya p.mathur, “foundations of software testing”, pearson education,2008.
References:
1. Boris beizer, “software testing techniques”, second edition,dreamtech, 2003.
2. Elfriede dustin, “effective software testing”, first edition, pearson education, 2003.
3. Renu rajani, pradeep oak, “software testing – effective methods, tools and
techniques”, tata mcgraw hill, 2004.
27
it2033 bioinformatics l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i 9
introduction to molecular biology – the genetic material – gene structure – protein
structure – chemical bonds – molecular biology tools – genomic information content
unit ii 9
data searches – simple alignments – gaps – scoring matrices – dynamic programming –
global and local alignments – database searches – multiple sequence alignments
patterns for substitutions – estimating substitution numbers – evolutionary rates –
molecular clocks – evolution in organelles
unit iii 9
phylogenetics – history and advantages – phylogenetic trees – distance matrix methods
– maximum likelihood approaches – multiple sequence alignments – parsimony –
ancestral sequences – strategies for faster searches – consensus trees – tree
confidence – comparison of phylogenetic methods – molecular phylogenies
unit iv 9
genomics – prokaryotic genomes: prokaryotic gene structure – gc content - gene
density – eukaryotic genomes: gene structure – open reading frames – gc content –
gene expression – transposition – repeated elements – gene density
unit v 9
amino acids – polypeptide composition – secondary structure – tertiary and quaternary
structure – algorithms for modeling protein folding – structure prediction – predicting
rna secondary structures proteomics – protein classification – experimental techniques
– inhibitors and drug design – ligand screening – nmr structures – empirical methods
and prediction techniques – post-translational modification prediction
total = 45 periods
text book:
1. D. E. Krane and m. L. Raymer, “fundamental concepts of bioinformatics”, pearson
education, 2003.
References:
1. Arthur m. Lesk, “introduction to bioinformatics”, second edition, oxford university
press, 2005.
2. T. K. Attwood, d. J. Parry-smith, and s. Phukan, “introduction to bioinformatics”,
pearson education, 1999.
3. Vittal r. Srinivas, “bioinformatics – a modern approach”, prentice-hall of india pvt.
Ltd., 2005.
It2034 adhoc sensor network l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i routing 9
cellular and ad hoc wireless networks – issues of mac layer and routing – proactive,
reactive and hybrid routing protocols – multicast routing – tree based and mesh
based protocols – multicast with quality of service provision.
28
unit ii quality of service 9
real-time traffic support – issues and challenges in providing qos – classification of
qos solutions – mac layer classifications – qos aware routing protocols – ticket
based and predictive location based qos routing protocols
unit iii energy management ad hoc networks 9
need for energy management – classification of energy management schemes –
battery management and transmission power management schemes – network layer
and data link layer solutions – system power management schemes
unit iv mesh networks 9
necessity for mesh networks – mac enhancements – ieee 802.11s architecture –
opportunistic routing – self configuration and auto configuration - capacity models –
fairness – heterogeneous mesh networks – vehicular mesh networks
unit v sensor networks 9
introduction – sensor network architecture – data dissemination – data gathering –
mac protocols for sensor networks – location discovery – quality of sensor networks
– evolving standards – other issues – recent trends in infrastructure less networks
total = 45 periods
text book:
1. C. Siva ram murthy and b.s.manoj, “ad hoc wireless networks – architectures and
protocols’, pearson education, 2004
references:
1. Feng zhao and leonidas guibas, “wireless sensor networks”, morgan kaufman
publishers, 2004.
2. C.k.toh, “adhoc mobile wireless networks”, pearson education, 2002.
3. Thomas krag and sebastin buettrich, ‘wireless mesh networking’, o’reilly
publishers, 2007.
Cs2351 artificial intelligence l t p c
3 0 0 3
aim
to learn the basics of designing intelligent agents that can solve general purpose
problems, represent and process knowledge, plan and act, reason under uncertainty and
can learn from experiences
unit i problem solving 9
introduction – agents – problem formulation – uninformed search strategies – heuristics
– informed search strategies – constraint satisfaction
unit ii logical reasoning 9
logical agents – propositional logic – inferences – first-order logic – inferences in firstorder
logic – forward chaining – backward chaining – unification – resolution
29
unit iii planning 9
planning with state-space search – partial-order planning – planning graphs – planning
and acting in the real world
unit iv uncertain knowledge and reasoning 9
uncertainty – review of probability - probabilistic reasoning – bayesian networks –
inferences in bayesian networks – temporal models – hidden markov models
unit v learning 9
learning from observation - inductive learning – decision trees – explanation based
learning – statistical learning methods - reinforcement learning.
Total = 45 periods
text book:
1. S. Russel and p. Norvig, “artificial intelligence – a modern approach”, second
edition, pearson education, 2003.
References:
1. David poole, alan mackworth, randy goebel, ”computational intelligence : a
logical approach”, oxford university press, 2004.
2. G. Luger, “artificial intelligence: structures and strategies for complex problem
solving”, fourth edition, pearson education, 2002.
3. J.nilsson, “artificial intelligence: a new synthesis”, elsevier publishers, 1998.
It2041 enterprise resource planning l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i erp and technology 10
introduction – related technologies – business intelligence – e-commerce and ebusiness
– business process reengineering – data warehousing – data mining –
olap – product life cycle management – scm – crm
unit ii erp implementation 10
implementation challenges – strategies – life cycle – pre-implementation tasks –
requirements definition – methodologies – package selection – project teams –
process definitions – vendors and consultants – data migration – project management
– post implementation activities.
Unit iii erp in action & business modules 8
operation and maintenance – performance – maximizing the erp system – business
modules – finance – manufacturing – human resources – plant maintenance –
materials management – quality management – marketing – sales, distribution and
service.
Unit iv erp market 9
marketplace – dynamics – sap ag – oracle – peoplesoft – jd edwards – qad inc –
ssa global – lawson software – epicor – intutive.
30
unit v 8
enterprise application integration – erp and e-business – erp ii – total quality
management – future directions – trends in erp.
Total = 45 periods
text books:
1. Alexis leon, “erp demystified”, tata mcgraw hill, second edition, 2008.
2. Mary sumner, “enterprise resource planning”, pearson education, 2007.
References:
1. Jim mazzullo,”sap r/3 for everyone”, pearson,2007.
2. Jose antonio fernandz, “ the sap r /3 handbook”, tata mcgraw hill, 1998.
3. Biao fu, “sap bw: a step-by-step guide”, first edition, pearson education, 2003.
It2042 information security l t p c
3 0 0 3
aim
to study the critical need for ensuring information security in organizations
objectives
 to understand the basics of information security·
 to know the legal, ethical and professional issues in information security·
 to know the aspects of risk management·
 to become aware of various standards in this area·
 to know the technological aspects of information security·
unit i introduction 9
history, what is information security ?, critical characteristics of information, nstissc
security model, components of an information system, securing the components,
balancing security and access, the sdlc, the security sdlc
unit ii security investigation 9
need for security, business needs, threats, attacks, legal, ethical and professional
issues
unit iii security analysis 9
risk management : identifying and assessing risk, assessing and controlling risk
unit iv logical design 9
blueprint for security, information security poicy, standards and practices, iso
17799/bs 7799, nist models, visa international security model, design of security
architecture, planning for continuity
unit v physical design 9
security technology, ids, scanning and analysis tools, cryptography, access control
devices, physical security, security and personnel
total = 45 periods
31
text book:
1. Michael e whitman and herbert j mattord, “principles of information security”, vikas
publishing house, new delhi, 2003
references:
1. Micki krause, harold f. Tipton, “ handbook of information security management”,
vol 1-3 crc press llc, 2004.
2. Stuart mc clure, joel scrambray, george kurtz, “hacking exposed”, tata mcgraw-
hill, 2003
3. Matt bishop, “ computer security art and science”, pearson/phi, 2002.
It2043 knowledge management l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i knowledge management 9
km myths – km life cycle – understanding knowledge – knowledge, intelligence –
experience – common sense – cognition and km – types of knowledge – expert
knowledge – human thinking and learning.
Unit ii knowledge management system life cycle 9
challenges in building km systems – conventional vrs km system life cycle (kmsls)
– knowledge creation and knowledge architecture – nonaka’s model of knowledge
creation and transformation. Knowledge architecture.
Unit iii capturing knowledge 9
evaluating the expert – developing a relationship with experts – fuzzy reasoning and
the quality of knowledge – knowledge capturing techniques, brain storming – protocol
analysis – consensus decision making – repertory grid- concept mapping –
blackboarding.
Unit iv knowledge codification 9
modes of knowledge conversion – codification tools and procedures – knowledge
developer’s skill sets – system testing and deployment – knowledge testing –
approaches to logical testing, user acceptance testing – km system deployment
issues – user training – post implementation.
Unit v knowledge transfer and sharing 9
transfer methods – role of the internet – knowledge transfer in e-world – km system
tools – neural network – association rules – classification trees – data mining and
business intelligence – decision making architecture – data management – knowledge
management protocols – managing knowledge workers.
Total = 45 periods
text book:
1. Elias.m. Award & hassan m. Ghaziri – “knowledge management” pearson education
2003.
References:
1. Guus schreiber, hans akkermans, anjo anjewierden, robert de hoog, nigel
shadbolt, walter van de velde and bob wielinga, “knowledge engineering and
management”, universities press, 2001.
2. C.w. Holsapple, “handbooks on knowledge management”, international handbooks
on information systems, vol 1 and 2, 2003
32
cs2063 grid computing l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i concepts and architecture 9
introduction-parallel and distributed computing-cluster computing-grid computing-
anatomy and physiology of grid-review of web services-ogsa-wsrf.
Unit ii grid monitoring 9
grid monitoring architecture (gma) - an overview of grid monitoring systems- gridi
ce – jamm -mds-network weather service-r-gma-other monitoring systems-
ganglia and gridmon
unit iii grid security and resource management 9
grid security-a brief security primer-pki-x509 certificates-grid security-grid
scheduling and resource management-scheduling paradigms- working principles of
scheduling -a review of condor, sge, pbs and lsf-grid scheduling with qos.
Unit iv data management and grid portals 9
data management-categories and origins of structured data-data management
challenges-architectural approaches-collective data management services-federation
services-grid portals-first-generation grid portals-second-generation grid portals.
Unit v grid middleware 9
list of globally available middlewares - case studies-recent version of globus toolkit
and glite - architecture, components and features.
Total = 45 periods
text book:
1. Maozhen li, mark baker, the grid core technologies, john wiley & sons ,2005.
References:
1. Ian foster & carl kesselman,the grid 2 – blueprint for a new computing infrascture
morgan kaufman – 2004.
2. Joshy joseph & craig fellenstein, “grid computing”, pearson education 2004.
3. Fran berman,geoffrey fox, anthony j.g.hey, “grid computing: making the global
infrastructure a reality”, john wiley and sons, 2003.
Cs2041 c# and .net framework l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i 9
review of oop concepts - overview of .net framework - basic elements of c# -
program structure and simple input and output operations – operators and
expressions – statements – arrays and structures.
Unit ii 9
inheritance - namespace – polymorphism – interface and overloading – multiple
inheritance – property – indexes – delegates – publish/subscribe design patterns-
operator overloading-method overloading
33
unit ii i 9
c# concepts for creating data structures - file operation – file management systems –
stream oriented operations- multitasking – multithreading – thread operation –
synchronization.
Unit iv 9
working with xml – techniques for reading and writing xml data - using xpath and
search xml - ado.net architecture – ado.net connected and disconnected models
– xml and ado.net – simple and complex data binding– data grid view class.
Unit v 9
application domains – remoting – leasing and sponsorship - .net coding design
guidelines –assemblies – security – application development – web services -
building an xml web service - web service client – wsdl and soap – web service
with complex data types – web service performance.
Total = 45 periods
text books:
1. S. Thamarai selvi and r. Murugesan “a textbook on c# “, pearson education,2003.
2. Stephen c. Perry “ core c# and .net”, pearson education,2006.
References:
1. Jesse liberty, “programming c#”, second edition, o’reilly press, 2002.
2. Robinson et al, “professional c#”, fifth edition, wrox press, 2002.
3. Herbert schildt, “the complete reference: c#”, tata mcgraw hill, 2004.
4. Andrew troelsen, “c# and the .net platform”, a! Press, 2003.
5. Thuan thai and hoang q. Lam, “. Net framework essentials”, second edition,
o’reilly, 2002.
It2050 principles of compiler design l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i basics of compilation 9
compilers – analysis of source program – phases of a compiler – grouping of phases –
compiler construction tools – lexical analyzer: token specification -token recognition-
a language for specifying lexical analyzer– top down parser : table implementation of
predictive parser - bottom-up parser : slr(1) parser - parser generators.
Unit ii type checking and runtime environments 9
syntax directed definitions – construction of syntax trees – type systems – specification
of a simple type checker - equivalence of type expressions – type conversions –
attribute grammar for a simple type checking system – runtime environments: source
language issues – storage organization – storage allocation strategies – parameter
passing.
Unit iii intermediate code generation 9
intermediate languages – declarations – assignment statements – boolean expressions
– case statements – backpatching – procedure calls.
34
unit iv code generation 9
issues in the design of a code generator – the target machine – runtime storage
management – basic blocks and flow graphs – next-use information – a simple code
generator – register allocation and assignment – the dag representation of basic
blocks – generating code from dag – dynamic programming code generation algorithm
– code-generator generators.
Unit v code optimization 9
principal sources of optimization – peephole optimization – optimization of basic blocks
– loops in flow graphs – introduction to global data flow analysis – iterative solution of
data flow equations – code improving transformations – dealing with aliases.
Total = 45 periods
text book:
1. Alfred v. Aho, ravi sethi, jeffrey d. Ullman. “compilers principles, techniques and
tools”. Pearson education, 2008.
References:
1. Steven s. Muchnick, “advanced compiler design implementation”, morgan koffman,
1997.
2. Charles n. Fischer, richard j. Leblanc, “crafting a compiler with c”, benjamin
cummings, 1991.
3. Allen holub, “compiler design in c”, prentice hall of india, 1990.
It2051 knowledge engineering l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i introduction 9
key concepts – why knowledge representation and reasoning – language of first
order logic – syntax, semantics pragmatics – expressing knowledge – levels of
representation – knowledge acquisition and sharing – sharing ontologies – language
ontologies –language patterns – tools for knowledge acquisition
unit ii resolution and reasoning 9
proportional case – handling variables and qualifies – dealing with intractability –
reasoning with horn clauses - procedural control of reasoning – rules in production –
description logic - vivid knowledge – beyond vivid.
Unit iii representation 9
object oriented representations – frame formalism – structured descriptions –
meaning and entailment - taxonomies and classification – inheritance – networks –
strategies for defeasible inheritance – formal account of inheritance networks.
Unit iv defaults, uncertainty and expressiveness 9
defaults – introduction – closed world reasoning – circumscription – default logic
limitations of logic – fuzzy logic – nonmontonic logic – theories and world –
semiotics – auto epistemic logic - vagueness – uncertainty and degrees of belief –
noncategorical reasoning – objective and subjective probability.
35
unit v actions and planning 9
explanation and diagnosis – purpose – syntax, semantics of context – first order
reasoning – modal reasoning in context – encapsulating objects in context – agents
– actions – situational calculus – frame problem – complex actions – planning –
strips – planning as reasoning – hierarchical and conditional planning.
Total = 45 periods
text book:
1. Ronald brachman, hector levesque “knowledge representation and reasoning “,
the morgan kaufmann series in artificial intelligence 2004
references:
1. John f. Sowa, “ knowledge representation: logical, philosophical, and
computational foundations”, 2000
2. Arthur b. Markman, “knowledge representation”, lawrence erlbaum associates,1998
ge2021 professional ethics in engineering l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i engineering ethics 9
senses of ‘engineering ethics’ – variety of moral issues – types of inquiry – moral
dilemmas – moral autonomy – kohlberg’s theory – gilligan’s theory – consensus and
controversy – professions and professionalism – professional ideals and virtues –
uses of ethical theories
unit ii engineering as social experimentation 9
engineering as experimentation – engineers as responsible experimenters – research
ethics - codes of ethics – industrial standards - a balanced outlook on law – the
challenger case study
unit iii engineer’s responsibility for safety 9
safety and risk – assessment of safety and risk – risk benefit analysis – reducing
risk – the government regulator’s approach to risk - chernobyl case studies and
bhopal
unit iv responsibilities and rights 9
collegiality and loyalty – respect for authority – collective bargaining – confidentiality
– conflicts of interest – occupational crime – professional rights – employee rights –
intellectual property rights (ipr) - discrimination
unit v global issues 9
multinational corporations – business ethics - environmental ethics – computer ethics -
role in technological development – weapons development – engineers as managers
– consulting engineers – engineers as expert witnesses and advisors – honesty –
moral leadership – sample code of conduct.
Total = 45 periods
text books:
1. Mike martin and roland schinzinger, “ethics in engineering”, mcgraw hill, new york,
2005.
2. Charles e harris, michael s pritchard and michael j rabins, “engineering ethics –
concepts and cases”, thompson learning, 2000.
36
references:
1. Charles d fleddermann, “engineering ethics”, prentice hall, new mexico, 1999.
2. John r boatright, “ethics and the conduct of business”, pearson education, 2003
3. Edmund g seebauer and robert l barry, “fundamentals of ethics for scientists and
engineers”, oxford university press, 2001.
4. Prof. (col) p s bajaj and dr. Raj agrawal, “business ethics – an indian perspective”,
biztantra, new delhi, 2004.
5. David ermann and michele s shauf, “computers, ethics and society”,
oxford university press, (2003)
ge2071 intellectual property rights (ipr) l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i 9
introduction – invention and creativity – intellectual property (ip) – importance –
protection of ipr – basic types of property (i). Movable property - immovable property
and - intellectual property.
Unit ii 9
ip – patents – copyrights and related rights – trade marks and rights arising from
trademark registration – definitions – industrial designs and integrated circuits –
protection of geographical indications at national and international levels – application
procedures..
Unit iii 9
international convention relating to intellectual property – establishment of wipo –
mission and activities – history – general agreement on trade and tariff (gatt) –
trips agreement.
Unit iv 9
indian position vs wto and strategies – indian ipr legislations – commitments to
wto-patent ordinance and the bill – draft of a national intellectual property policy –
present against unfair competition.
Unit v 9
case studies on – patents (basumati rice, turmeric, neem, etc.) – copyright and related
rights – trade marks – industrial design and integrated circuits – geographic indications
– protection against unfair competition.
Total = 45 periods
text book:
1. Subbaram n.r. “handbook of indian patent law and practice “, s. Viswanathan
printers and publishers pvt. Ltd., 1998.
References:
1. Eli whitney, united states patent number: 72x, cotton gin, march 14, 1794.
2. Intellectual property today: volume 8, no. 5, may 2001, [www.iptoday.com].
3. Using the internet for non-patent prior art searches, derwent ip matters, july 2000.
Www.ipmatters.net/features/000707_gibbs.html.
37
it2052 management information system l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i information system and organization 9
matching the information system plan to the organizational strategic plan – identifying
key organizational objective and processes and developing an information system
development – user role in systems development process – maintainability and
recoverability in system design.
Unit ii representation and analysis of system structure 9
models for representing systems: mathematical, graphical and hierarchical
(organization chart, tree diagram) – information flow – process flow – methods and
heuristics – decomposition and aggregation – information architecture – application of
system representation to case studies.
Unit iii systems, information and decision theory 9
information theory – information content and redundancy – classification and
compression – summarizing and filtering – inferences and uncertainty – identifying
information needed to support decision making – human factors – problem
characteristics and information system capabilities in decision making.
Unit iv information system application 9
transaction processing applications – basic accounting application – applications for
budgeting and planning – other use of information technology: automation – word
processing – electronic mail – evaluation remote conferencing and graphics – system
and selection – cost benefit – centralized versus decentralized allocation mechanism.
Unit v development and maintenance of information systems 9
systems analysis and design – system development life cycle – limitation – end user
development – managing end users – off– the shelf software packages – outsourcing –
comparison of different methodologies.
Total = 45 periods
text book:
1. Laudon k.c, laudon j.p, brabston m.e, “management information systems -
managing the digital firm”, pearon education, 2004.
References:
1. Turban e.f, potter r.e, “introduction to information technology”; wiley, 2 004.
2. Jeffrey a.hoffer, joey f.george, joseph s. Valachich, “modern systems analysis and
design”, third edition, prentice hall, 2002.
It2053 software design l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i general design fundamentals 9
the nature of design process – objectives – building models – constructs, design
qualities – assessing the design – design viewpoints for software – the object model –
classes and objects – complexity – classification – notation – process – pragmatics.
38
unit ii structured system analysis and design 9
structured design – design principles – problem partitioning and hierarchy –
abstraction, modularity – top-down and bottom-up strategies – transformation of a
dfd to a structure chart – transform analysis – transaction analysis – coupling –
cohesion – multiple types of cohesion in a module – data design – normalization –
denormalization – procedural design.
Unit iii object oriented analysis and design 9
overview of object oriented analysis – shaler/mellor – coad/ yourdon – rumbaugh –
booch – uml – use case – conceptual model – behaviour – class analysis patterns –
overview – diagrams – aggregation – uml – diagrams – collaboration – sequence –
class – design patterns and frameworks – comparison with other design methods –
managing analysis and design – evaluation testing – coding – maintenance – metrics.
Unit iv software design 9
the architecture concepts – design methods – design patterns – rationale for
methods – design processes and strategies – design by template – designing with
patterns – stepwise refinement – incremental design – prototyping – dsdm –
structured systems analysis and structured design – jsp – jsd.
Unit v case studies 9
domain name system – email – world wide web (http) – simple network
management protocol – file transfer protocol – security – mutimedia applications.
Total = 45 periods
references:
1. David budgen, "software design", second edition, pearson education, 2004.
2. R. S. Pressman, "software engineering", fifth edition, mcgraw hill inc., 2001.
3. Steve mcconnell, "code complete ", word power publishers, 2001.
4. Ed downs, peter clare, jan coe, "structured system analysis and design methods
application and context ", prentice hall, 1998.
5. A. G. Suteliffe, "human computer interface design ", second edition macmillan,
1995.
Cs2053 soft computing l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i fuzzy set theory 10
introduction to neuro – fuzzy and soft computing – fuzzy sets – basic definition and
terminology – set-theoretic operations – member function formulation and
parameterization – fuzzy rules and fuzzy reasoning – extension principle and fuzzy
relations – fuzzy if-then rules – fuzzy reasoning – fuzzy inference systems –
mamdani fuzzy models – sugeno fuzzy models – tsukamoto fuzzy models – input
space p artition ing and fuzzy modelin g.
Unit ii optimization 8
derivative-based optimization – descent methods – the method of steepest descent –
classical newton’s method – step size determination – derivative-free optimization –
genetic algorithms – simulated annealing – random search – downhill simplex
search.
39
unit iii artificial intelligence 10
introduction, knowledge representation – reasoning, issues and acquisition:
prepositional and predicate calculus rule based knowledge representation symbolic
reasoning under uncertainity basic knowledge representation issues knowledge
acquisition – heuristic search: techniques for heuristic search heuristic classification -
state space search: strategies implementation of graph search search based on
recursion patent-directed search production system and learning.
Unit iv neuro fuzzy modeling 9
adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems – architecture – hybrid learning algorithm –
learning methods that cross-fertilize anfis and rbfn – coactive neuro fuzzy
modeling – framework neuron functions for adaptive networks – neuro fuzzy
spectru m.
Unit v applications of computational intelligence 8
printed character recognition – inverse kinematics problems – automobile fuel
efficiency prediction – soft computing for color recipe prediction.
Total = 45 periods
text books:
1. J.s.r.jang, c.t.sun and e.mizutani, “neuro-fuzzy and soft computing”, phi, 2004,
pearson education 2004.
2. N.p.padhy, “artificial intelligence and intelligent systems”, oxford university press,
2006.
References:
1. Elaine rich & kevin knight, artificial intelligence, second edition, tata mcgraw hill
publishing comp., 2006, new delhi.
2. Timothy j.ross, “fuzzy logic with engineering applications”, mcgraw-hill, 1997.
3. Davis e.goldberg, “genetic algorithms: search, optimization and machine learning”,
addison wesley, n.y., 1989.
4. S. Rajasekaran and g.a.v.pai, “neural networks, fuzzy logic and genetic
algorithms”, phi, 2003.
5. R.eberhart, p.simpson and r.dobbins, “computational intelligence - pc tools”, ap
professional, boston, 1996.
6. Amit konar, “artificial intelligence and soft computing behaviour and cognitive model
of the human brain”, crc press, 2008.
Ge2022 total quality management l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i introduction 9
introduction - need for quality - evolution of quality - definition of quality - dimensions of
manufacturing and service quality - basic concepts of tqm - definition of tqm – tqm
framework - contributions of deming, juran and crosby – barriers to tqm.
Unit ii tqm principles 9
leadership – strategic quality planning, quality statements - customer focus –
customer orientation, customer satisfaction, customer complaints, customer retention -
employee involvement – motivation, empowerment, team and teamwork, recognition
and reward, performance appraisal - continuous process improvement – pdsa cycle,
5s, kaizen - supplier partnership – partnering, supplier selection, supplier rating.
40
unit iii tqm tools & techniques i 9
the seven traditional tools of quality – new management tools – six-sigma: concepts,
methodology, applications to manufacturing, service sector including it – bench marking
– reason to bench mark, bench marking process – fmea – stages, types.
Unit iv tqm tools & techniques ii 9
quality circles – quality function deployment (qfd) – taguchi quality loss function –
tpm – concepts, improvement needs – cost of quality – performance measures.
Unit v quality systems 9
need for iso 9000- iso 9000-2000 quality system – elements, documentation, quality
auditing- qs 9000 – iso 14000 – concepts, requirements and benefits – case studies
of tqm implementation in manufacturing and service sectors including it.
Total = 45 periods
text book:
1. Dale h.besterfiled, et at., “total quality management”, pearson education asia, 3rd
edition, indian reprint (2006).
References:
1. James r. Evans and william m. Lindsay, “the management and control of quality”,
6th edition, south-western (thomson learning), 2005.
2. Oakland, j.s., “tqm – text with cases”, butterworth – heinemann ltd., oxford, 3rd
edition, 2003.
3. Suganthi,l and anand samuel, “total quality management”, prentice hall (india)
pvt. Ltd.,2006.
4. Janakiraman, b and gopal, r.k, “total quality management – text and cases”,
prentice hall (india) pvt. Ltd., 2006.
Ge2072 indian constitution and society l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i 9
historical background – constituent assembly of india – philosophical foundations of
the indian constitution – preamble – fundamental rights – directive principles of state
policy – fundamental duties – citizenship – constitutional remedies for citizens.
Unit ii 9
union government – structures of the union government and functions – president –
vice president – prime minister – cabinet – parliament – supreme court of india –
judicial review.
Unit iii 9
state government – structure and functions – governor – chief minister – cabinet –
state legislature – judicial system in states – high courts and other subordinate
courts.
41
unit iv 9
indian federal system – center – state relations – president’s rule – constitutional
amendments – constitutional functionaries - assessment of working of the
parliamentary system in india.
Unit v 9
society : nature, meaning and definition; indian social structure; caste, religion,
language in india; constitutional remedies for citizens – political parties and pressure
groups; right of women, children and scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and
other weaker sections.
Total: 45 periods
text books:
1. Durga das basu, “ introduction to the constitution of india “, prentice hall of india,
new delhi.
2. R.c.agarwal, (1997) “indian political system”, s.chand and company, new delhi.
3. Maciver and page, “ society: an introduction analysis “, mac milan india ltd., new
delhi.
4. K.l.sharma, (1997) “social stratification in india: issues and themes”, jawaharlal
nehru university, new delhi.
References:
1. Sharma, brij kishore, “ introduction to the constitution of india:, prentice hall of
india, new delhi.
2. U.r.gahai, “indian political system “, new academic publishing house, jalaendhar.
3. R.n. Sharma, “indian social problems “, media promoters and publishers pvt. Ltd.
It2061 system modeling and simulation l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i introduction to simulation 9
introduction – simulation terminologies- application areas – model classification –
types of simulation- steps in a simulation study- concepts in discrete event simulation
- simulation examples
unit ii mathematical models 9
statistical models - concepts – discrete distribution- continuous distribution – poisson
process- empirical distributions- queueing models – characteristics- notation –
queueing systems – markovian models- properties of random numbers- generation of
pseudo random numbers- techniques for generating random numbers-testing random
number generators- generating random-variates- inverse transform technique –
acceptance- rejection technique – composition & convolution method.
Unit iii analysis of simulation data 9
input modeling - data collection - assessing sample independence - hypothesizing
distribution family with data - parameter estimation - goodness-of-fit tests - selecting
input models in absence of data- output analysis for a single system – terminating
simulations – steady state simulations.
42
unit iv verification and validation 9
model building – verification of simulation models – calibration and validation of
models – validation of model assumptions – validating input – output transformations.
Unit v simulation of computer systems and case studies 9
simulation tools – model input – high level computer system simulation – cpu –
memory simulation – comparison of systems via simulation – simulation programming
techniques - development of simulation models.
Total = 45 periods
text books:
1. Jerry banks and john carson, “ discrete event system simulation”, fourth edition,
phi, 2005.
2. Geoffrey gordon, “system simulation”, second edition, phi, 2006 (unit – v).
References:
1. Frank l. Severance, “ system modeling and simulation”, wiley, 2001.
2. Averill m. Law and w.david kelton, “ simulation modeling and analysis,
third edition, mcgraw hill, 2006.
3. Jerry banks, “handbook of simulation: principles, methodology, advances,
applications and practice”, wiley, 1998.
Cs2035 natural language processing l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i 9
introduction – models -and algorithms - the turing test -regular expressions
basic regular expression patterns -finite state automata -regular languages and
fsas – morphology -inflectional morphology - derivational morphology -finite-state
morphological parsing - combining an fst lexicon and rules -porter stemmer
unit ii 9
n-grams models of syntax - counting words - unsmoothed n-grams – smoothing-
backoff - deleted interpolation – entropy - english word classes - tagsets for english -
part of speech tagging -rule-based part of speech tagging - stochastic part of
speech tagging - transformation-based tagging -
unit iii 9
context free grammars for english syntax- context-free rules and trees - sentence-
level constructions –agreement – sub categorization – parsing – top-down – earley
parsing -feature structures - probabilistic context-free grammars
unit iv 9
representing meaning - meaning structure of language - first order predicate calculus
- representing linguistically relevant concepts -syntax-driven semantic analysis -
semantic attachments - syntax-driven analyzer - robust analysis - lexemes and their
senses - internal structure - word sense disambiguation -information retrieval
43
unit v 9
discourse -reference resolution - text coherence -discourse structure - dialog and
conversational agents - dialog acts – interpretation – coherence -conversational
agents - language generation – architecture -surface realizations - discourse
planning – machine translation -transfer metaphor – interlingua – statistical
approaches
total = 45 periods
text books:
1. D. Jurafsky and j. Martin “speech and language processing: an introduction to
natural language processing, computational linguistics, and speech recognition”,
2. C. Manning and h. Schutze, “foundations of statistical natural language
processing”,
reference:
1. James allen. “natural language understanding”, addison wesley, 1994.
Cs2056 distributed systems l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i 9
characterization of distributed systems-introduction-examples-resource sharing and
the web-challenges. System models-architectural-fundamental.
Interprocess communication-introduction-api for internet protocols-external data
representation and marshalling--client-server communication-group communication-
case study: interprocess communication in unix.
Unit ii 9
distributed objects and remote invocation-introduction-communication between
distributed objects-remote procedure calls-events and notifications-case study: java
rmi. Operating system support-introduction-os layer-protection-processes and
threads-communication and invocation os architecture.
Unit iii 9
distributed file systems-introduction-file service architecture-case study:sun network
file system-enhancements and further developments.
Name services-introduction-name services and the domain name system-directory
services-case study: global name service.
Unit iv 9
time and global states-introduction-clocks, events and process states-synchronizing
physical clocks-logical time and logical clocks-global states-distributed debugging.
Coordination and agreement-introduction-distributed mutual exclusion-elections-
multicast communication-consensus and related problems.
Unit v 9
distributed shared memory-introduction-design and implementation issues-sequential
consistency and ivy case study release consistency and munin case study-other
consistency models.corba case study- introduction-corba rmi-corba services.
Total = 45 periods
44
text book:
1. George coulouris, jean dollimore, tim kindberg, , "distributed systems: concepts
and design", 4th edition, pearson education, 2005.
References:
1. A.ts. Tanenbaum and m. V. Steen, "distributed systems: principles and paradigms",
second edition, prentice hall, 2006.
2. M.l.liu, “distributed computing principles and applications”, pearson addison
wesley, 2004.
3. Mukesh singhal, “advanced concepts in operating systems”, mcgrawhill series in
computer science, 1994.
4. Nancy a. Lynch, "distributed algorithms", the morgan kaufmann series in data
management system, morgan kaufmann publishers, 2000.
Ge2023 fundamentals of nanoscience l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i introduction 9
nanoscale science and technology- implications for physics, chemistry, biology and
engineering-classifications of nanostructured materials- nano particles- quantum dots,
nanowires-ultra-thinfilms-multilayered materials. Length scales involved and effect on
properties: mechanical, electronic, optical, magnetic and thermal properties.
Introduction to properties and motivation for study (qualitative only).
Unit ii preparation methods 10
bottom-up synthesis-top-down approach: precipitation, mechanical milling, colloidal
routes, self-assembly, vapour phase deposition, mocvd, sputtering, evaporation,
molecular beam epitaxy, atomic layer epitaxy, mombe.
Unit iii patterning and lithography for nanoscale devices 7
introduction to optical/uv electron beam and x-ray lithography systems and processes,
wet etching, dry (plasma /reactive ion) etching, etch resists-dip pen lithography
unit iv preparation environments 9
clean rooms: specifications and design, air and water purity, requirements for particular
processes, vibration free environments: services and facilities required. Working
practices, sample cleaning, chemical purification, chemical and biological
contamination, safety issues, flammable and toxic hazards, biohazards.
Unit v charecterisation techniques 10
x-ray diffraction technique, scanning electron microscopy - environmental techniques,
transmission electron microscopy including high-resolution imaging, surface analysis
techniques- afm, spm, stm, snom, esca, sims-nanoindentation
total = 45 periods
text books:
1. A.s. Edelstein and r.c. Cammearata, eds., nanomaterials: synthesis, properties and
applications, (institute of physics publishing, bristol and philadelphia, 1996)
2. N john dinardo, nanoscale charecterisation of surfaces & interfaces, second edition,
weinheim cambridge, wiley-vch, 2000
45
references:
1. G timp (editor), nanotechnology, aip press/springer, 1999
2. Akhlesh lakhtakia (editor) the hand book of nano technology, “nanometer
structure”, theory, modeling and simulations. Prentice-hall of india (p) ltd, new
delhi, 2007.
It2064 speech signal processing l t p c
3 0 0 3
unit i mechanics of speech 9
speech production: mechanism of speech production, acoustic phonetics - digital
models for speech signals - representations of speech waveform: sampling speech
signals, basics of quantization, delta modulation, and differential pcm - auditory
perception: psycho acoustics.
Unit ii time domain methods for speech processing 9
time domain parameters of speech signal – methods for extracting the parameters
energy, average magnitude, zero crossing rate – silence discrimination using zcr
and energy – short time auto correlation function – pitch period estimation using auto
correlation function.
Unit iii frequency domain method for speech processing 9
short time fourier analysis: fourier transform and linear filtering interpretations,
sampling rates - spectrographic displays - pitch and formant extraction - analysis by
synthesis - analysis synthesis systems: phase vocoder, channel vocoder -
homomorphic speech analysis: cepstral analysis of speech, formant and pitch
estimation, homomorphic vocoders.
Unit iv linear predictive analysis of speech 9
basic principles of linear predictive analysis – auto correlation method – covariance
method – solution of lpc equations – cholesky method – durbin’s recursive algorithm
– application of lpc parameters – pitch detection using lpc parameters – formant
analysis – velp – celp.
Unit v application of speech & audio signal processing 9
algorithms: dynamic time warping, k-means clustering and vector quantization,
gaussian mixture modeling, hidden markov modeling - automatic speech recognition:
feature extraction for asr, deterministic sequence recognition, statistical sequence
recognition, language models - speaker identification and verification – voice response
system – speech synthesis: basics of articulatory, source-filter, and concatenative
synthesis – voip
total = 45 periods
text books:
1. L. R. Rabiner and r. W. Schaffer, “digital processing of speech signals”, prentice
hall, 1978.
2. Ben gold and nelson morgan, “speech and audio signal processing”, john wiley
and sons inc., singapore, 2004.
References:
1. Quatieri, “discrete-time speech signal processing”, prentice hall, 2001.
2. L.r. Rabiner and b. H. Juang, “fundamentals of speech recognition”, prentice hall,
1993.
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